Producción Científica UPeU

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COVID-19 contagion concern scale (PRE-COVID-19): Validation in Cuban patients with type 2 diabetes
(2023-12-31)
Frank Hernández-García
;
Tomás Caycho‐Rodríguez
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Lindsey W. Vilca
;
Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
;
Antonio Pupo Pérez
2.1. Participants and procedure The participants were patients with DM from nine primary health care areas corresponding to four Cuban provinces belonging to different regions of the country (Pinar del Río, Havana, Ciego de Ávila and Santiago de Cuba), selected by means of non-probabilistic sampling. The inclusion criteria included: 1) having type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the criteria of the World Health Organization 2) being ≥18 years of age 3) being attended in the previously mentioned health areas where their clinical histories were located and 4) being willing to participate in the research study and answer the survey after signing the informed consent form. Patients with severe mental illness or cognitive deficits (dementia, psychosis or mental disabilities) or any other apparent condition that compromised their ability to understand and complete the questionnaire were not included in the study. The sample size was calculated with the Soper software [29], which indicated a number of 200 participants. For this we considered the number of observed variables (6 items), latent variables of the model to be evaluated (concern for COVID-19 contagion), the anticipated effect size (λ = 0.3), the probability (α = 0.05) and the statistical power (1 - β = 0.95). Finally, 219 people with type 2 DM were surveyed. The application of the survey was carried out between the months of January and April 2021, while the patients attended consultation or in their own homes by the researchers trained for the task and complying with strict COVID-19 prevention protocols. The Cuban panorama in the fight against COVID-19 during the period of data collection was not favorable, as the country was in a phase of resurgence characterized by high numbers of people infected with the virus, much higher compared to the diagnoses at a similar point during the first stage of the disease, in 2020. Although government health measures were strengthened to contain the pandemic, the population's perception of risk was on the rise. During those dates, more than 64,414 positive diagnoses and 384 deaths were reported. Participation in the study was voluntary and no financial compensation was provided. All participants signed informed consent and were allowed to withdraw at any time from the study without having to justify their decision. In addition, the data were guaranteed to be confidential and anonymous. The study received approval from the ethics committee of the Universidad Privada del Norte in Peru (registration number: 20213002). The majority of the participants were women (66.2%) with a mean age of 58.5 years old (SD = 18.2). Thirty-two point nine percent had higher education. Of the total participants, 37.9% were retired and 32% were state workers; while 43.4 had more than 10 years with the disease. The majority (68.9%) had no associated chronic complications and were receiving treatment for diabetes (98.2%). More details of the sociodemographic variables can be seen in Table 1. Table 1. Characteristics of the participants (n = 219). Characteristic n (%) Age 58.5 (18.2)a Sex Female 145 (66.2) Male 74 (33.8) Level of education University 72 (32.9) Pre-university 63 (28.8) Mid-level technical 39 (17.8) Secondary 25 (11.4) Primary 17 (7.8) No schooling 3 (1.4) Occupation Retired/pensioned 83 (37.9) State employee 70 (32.0) Self-employed 37 (17.0) Housewife 17 (7.8) Student 10 (4.6) Unemployed 2 (0.9) Time of evolution of diabetes (years) Less than 5 52 (23.7) From 5 to 10 72 (32.9) More than 10 95 (43.4) Associated chronic complications b None 151 (68.9) Diabetic foot 31 (14.2) Polyneuropathy 20 (9.1) Retinopathy 15 (6.8) Nephropathy 7 (3.2) Other 2 (0.9) Treatment of diabetes Yes 215 (98.2) No 4 (1.8) Comorbidities Yes 141 (64.4) No 78 (35.6) Family member or friend infected by COVID-19 Yes 110 (50.2) No 109 (49.8) Family member or friend deceased due to COVID-19 No 210 (95.9) Yes 9 (4.1) a: mean and standard deviation; b: a patient may have more than one complication. 2.2. Instruments Scale of Worry for Contagion of COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19). The scale is comprised of 6 items that assess concern about becoming infected with COVID-19 and its impact on people's daily functioning, specifically on their mood and their ability to perform their daily activities. Each item presented 4 Likert-type response options (from 1 = never or rarely to 4 = almost all the time), with higher scores indicating greater concern about COVID-19 infection. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2) [30]. The GAD-2 consists of 2 items that measure an emotional (feeling nervous) and cognitive (worry) symptom of generalized anxiety in the past 2 weeks. The 2 items have 4 response options using a Likert-type scale (from 0 = not at all to 3 = almost every day), where a higher score indicates a higher level of generalized anxiety. 2.3. Data analysis Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares with Mean and Variance corrected (WLSMV) estimator since the items are ordinal in nature. The chi-square test (χ2), the RMSEA index and the SRMR index were used to evaluate the model fit. In the case of the latter two indices, values less than 0.05 indicate good fit, and between 0.05 and 0.08 is considered acceptable. In addition, the CFI and TLI indices were used, where values greater than 0.95 indicate good fit and greater than 0.90 an acceptable fit. To assess validity based on the relationship with other constructs, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the latent relationship between concern for being infected with COVID-19 and anxiety. The above fit indices, and their respective cutoff points, were used to assess the adequacy of the model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the omega coefficient were used to assess the internal consistency of the scale, where a value greater than 0.70 is adequate. As for the use of Item Response Theory (IRT), a Graded Response Model (GRM) [35] was employed, specifically an extension of the 2-parameter logistic model (2-PLM) for ordered polytomous items. For each item, two types of parameters were estimated: discrimination (a) and difficulty (b). The a parameter determines the slope at which item responses change as a function of the level in the latent trait and the b parameters determine how much of the latent trait the item requires to be answered in a given way. Since the scale has four response categories, there are three estimates of difficulty, one per threshold. The estimates for these three thresholds indicate the level of the latent variable at which an individual has a 50% chance of scoring at or above a particular response category. Item information curves (IIC) and the test information curve (TIC) were also calculated. All statistical analyses were performed using the "lavaan" package for the CFA and the "ltm" package for the GRM. In all cases, the RStudio environment was used for R.
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Sociodemographic and Health Predictors of Concern about COVID-19 Infection in Cuban Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(2023-12-31)
Frank Hernández-García
;
Tomás Caycho‐Rodríguez
;
Pablo D. Valencia
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Lindsey W. Vilca
;
Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
Participants A total of 203 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended nine primary care areas in four Cuban provinces belonging to different regions of the country (Pinar del Río, La Habana, Ciego de Ávila and Santiago de Cuba) participated in the study. Participants were selected by non-probabilistic sampling based on the following inclusion criteria: 1. have a diagnosis of type 2 DM according to the World Health Organization criteria, 2. be older than 18 years old, 3. be patients of the health care areas mentioned above, and 4. be willing to participate in the study and to sign the informed consent form. Patients with mental illness, cognitive deficit (dementia, psychosis or mental disability) or other apparent condition that prevents understanding and completion of the questionnaire were excluded. Although retrospective data on infection rates in diabetic patients suggest that people with type 1 DM are at higher risk for infectious diseases in general, and death rates are similar to those of people with type 2 DM,this study focused on the latterfortwo main reasons. First, patients with type 1 DM are mostly children and young people and the prevalence of this type of diabetes is lower compared to type 2 DM, which leads to a lower number of patients seen in consultation and primary health care. Second, the study was conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and patients with type 2 DM were the most accessible population to be surveyed by the research team in primary care areas. The minimum sample size was calculated with the Soper software package for a multiple regression study, according to the desired probability level (α=0.05), the number of predictors in the model (18 predictors), the anticipated effect size (f2=0.15) and the desired statistical power level (1- β=0.80). The software suggested a minimum number of 118 participants; however, the final number was higher than the minimum required. Instruments Socio-demographic and health information A questionnaire was developed specifically for this study, where participants were asked to provide information about their sex, age, educational level, type of work, cohabitation, marital status, presence of chronic complications, presence of comorbidities, family or friends infected with COVID-19, and time since diagnosis with DM. Concern about COVID-19 contagion We used the COVID-19 contagion concern scale (PRECOVID-19) originally developed for the general population, which assesses worry about becoming infected with COVID-19 and its impact on people’s mood and ability to perform daily activities. In this study we used the version validated for Cuban patients with diabetes, which consists of 5 items. All items have 4 Likert-type response options, ranging from 1=never or rarely to 4=almost all the time. The PRE-COVID-19 has a unidimensional structure, where the total score is calculated by adding the scores of each of the 5 items. Higher scores indicate greater concern about becoming infected with COVID19. The reliability of the PRE-COVID-19 for this study was very good (ω=0.91). Blood glucose level Fasting blood glucose values were obtained from the patients’ clinical histories and from blood tests performed in the last three months in laboratories equipped for this purpose. Based on this, poor glycemic control was determined as fasting blood glucose greaterthan or equal to 7 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) in the last three months and good control as figures below this value. The criterion based on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) could not be used because it is not a test regularly available in the primary health care system where the survey was applied. Other control criteria using continuous glucose monitoring systems were not possible either, as they are not generally available for patients with DM living in Cuba. Procedure The questionnaire was applied by properly trained researchers, who complied with strict COVID-19 prevention health protocols, between the months of January and April 2021. The questionnaire was administered during patients’ visits to primary care centers or in their homes. During this period of time, the fight against COVID-19 in Cuba suffered some setbacks, characterized by an increase in the number of infected people, even higherthan that observed during the first stage of the disease, in 2020. Thus, during those dates, more than 64,414 positive diagnoses and 384 deaths were reported in the country. Participation was voluntary and without any financial compensation. Participants signed the informed consent form and were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time. Similarly, the reliability of the data was guaranteed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of theUniversidad Privada delNorte in Peru (registration number: 20213002). Data Analysis The frequencies and percentages of the categorical variables included in the model were examined. In the case of the outcome variable (concern about COVID-19 contagion), the mean±standard deviation (SD) was calculated for the total sample. These values were then also calculated for each category of each variable. For inferential purposes, bivariate associations were examined with a series of analyses of variance (ANOVA). The assumption of homoscedasticity was reasonably well met in most cases; however, a possible noncompliance with the assumption of normality of the residuals was observed. Therefore, we repeated the analyses after a power transformation of the outcome variable. Since the results were practically identical with both procedures, only those obtained with the variable in its original form are reported. Variables that reached statistical significance (p<.05) in the ANOVAs were selected as potential predictors in a linear regression. Crude (simple) regressions were run, which replicated the ANOVAs but also allowed for a more detailed examination of between-group differences. Finally, a fitted (multiple) regression was run with all predictors simultaneously. Statistical significance was judged from the 95% CIs, which provide a set of possible values of the coefficient in the population. A CI that does not include zero is equivalent to a p<.05.
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Classroom Collective Moral Disengagement Scale--Spanish Version
(2024-01-01)
Carlos Puma-Maque
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;
María del Carmen Cárdenas-Zúñiga
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WMS Healthy Lifestyle Scale for Adolescents
(2020-01-01)
Lindsey W. Vilca
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Silvia E. Moori
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Fernando D. Solís-Guevara
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Data_Revisiting_Louis_Fry's_Spiritual_Leadership
(2024-07-14)
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Ontiveros-Ramirez, Flor
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Toro-Jaramillo, Ivan-Dario
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Title: Revisiting Louis Fry's Spiritual Leadership Model: A Study on Confessional School Teachers Description: This repository contains the data and supplementary materials for the study "Revisiting Louis Fry's Spiritual Leadership Model in Confessional School Teachers Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)". The research examines the construct validity of Fry's spiritual leadership model among teachers in Adventist primary and secondary schools in Colombia. The analysis includes confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), highlighting significant relationships and potential areas for model improvement. Key components: Survey data collected from teachers via an online questionnaire. Statistical analysis scripts and results, including CFA and SEM outputs. Documentation detailing the methodology, instruments used, and ethical considerations. This dataset supports the findings presented in the manuscript submitted to PLOS ONE and aims to contribute to the broader understanding of spiritual leadership in educational settings. Keywords: Spiritual Leadership, Structural Equation Modeling, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Educational Research, Adventist Schools, Teacher Perception
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Study about the eating disorders behaviors
(2025-03-14)
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Risk of Addiction to Social Networks Scale--Short Version
(2025-01-01)
Lindsey W. Vilca
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Jessica Aranda Turpo
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Carla Dávila-Valencia
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Emily Lupaca-Huarac
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Student Perception of Teacher Care Scale in University Students
(2024-01-01)
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Ana Fabri Casildo Bedón
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Jose Luis Perez-Brenis
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Robert Ivan Echabaudes-Ilizarbe
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Modelo ágil de gestión basado en analítica de procesos para la comercialización de productos acuícolas
(2025-10-03)
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La investigación aborda las limitaciones en eficiencia, trazabilidad y análisis de desempeño en la comercialización de productos acuícolas en pequeñas empresas. Con el objetivo de optimizar estas actividades, se propone un modelo ágil de gestión basado en analítica de procesos. El estudio aplicó una metodología cuantitativa de diseño pre-experimental, empleando herramientas de Six Sigma y Business Process Management (BPM) . La implementación permitió mejorar indicadores clave como el tiempo de respuesta, la precisión en los registros y el control de trazabilidad, además de fortalecer la capacidad analítica para la toma de decisiones. Los resultados evidencian una mejora significativa en la eficiencia global, demostrando que el modelo propuesto es una alternativa efectiva para enfrentar los desafíos operativos y analíticos del sector acuícola.
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Dataset on Self-Esteem, Family Communication, and Social Network Addiction among Peruvian Higher Education Students
(2026-06-02)
This dataset contains data collected from 354 Peruvian higher education students through a structured questionnaire. It includes sociodemographic variables, social media use characteristics, social network addiction items, self-esteem items, and family communication items. The dataset also contains total scores and specific dimensions related to social network addiction, including obsession with social networks, lack of personal control, and excessive use, as well as total self-esteem and family communication scores. The data were used to examine the influence of self-esteem and family communication on social network addiction among Peruvian higher education students.

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