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Diabetes and cardiac complications: A narrative review
Author(s)
Fiorella Gonzales Ishuiza
Juan Manuel Gálvez Torres
Tahiz Aspajo Isuiza
Peggui Zadith Valqui Delgado
Xiomara del Carmen Torres Putpaña
Wilter C. Morales García
Date Issued
1 de enero de 2026
Type
Book chapter
Abstract
Objective: to carry out a narrative review on diabetes and cardiac complications, through risk factors, treatment and etiology.Method: an information search was conducted in Scoopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.Data selection: Documents were selected and analyzed through a critical literature review, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: a corpus of 23 articles was analyzed, of which 6 correspond to systematic studies, 6 to literary studies, 3 to narrative studies, 2 to cross-sectional studies, 2 to descriptive studies, 2 to quantitative studies, 2 to multicenter studies.The population studied includes older people, pregnant mothers, young people, the elderly.The studies were carried out in various countries, such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore, the United States, Australia, Ghana-United Arab Emirates, Italy, China, Indonesia and Chile.The diagnoses were characterized by 7 articles that addressed diabetes risk factors, 9 to treatment, 8 to etiology.Regarding socioeconomic level, 2 articles mentioned that they were from low-income countries, 12 articles mentioned that they were from upper-middle countries, 6 articles mentioned that they were medium-high countries, and 3 from countries that do not specify their socioeconomic level.Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes is associated with heart failure in women that worsens with coronary artery disease, directly impacting the myocardium with risk of death.The use of SGLT2 inhibitors represents an important therapeutic advance, since it promotes renal glucose elimination, improves metabolic control and reduces heart failure events.Diabetes causes progressive damage to the cardiovascular system, where endothelial dysfunction plays a central role by promoting inflammation and vascular deterioration.The studies, carried out mostly in middle-and high-income countries, show barriers such as misinformation, failures in prevention and inequality in access to diagnosis.The need to improve education and access to health services is highlighted, especially in low-resource contexts, since this affects patients with DM2, T1D, cardiovascular risk, cardiac complications, heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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