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Neurocognitive disorders, depression, and associated factors in younger and older adults from an urban‐marginalized area of Peru
Author(s)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Eder Herrera‐Pérez
Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
Rosa Montesinos
Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias
Chhitij Tiwari
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Nilton Custodio
Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista
Serggio Lanata
University of California, San Francisco
Date Issued
1 de octubre de 2025
Type
Article
Volume
21
Issue
10
Series/Report No.
Alzheimer s & Dementia
Start Page
e70798
End Page
e70798
ISSN
1552-5260
1552-5279
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In urban-marginalized areas of low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs), neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) and depression present significant public health issues, exacerbated by socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: This study explores the prevalence and risk factors of NCDs and depression among 1064 community-dwelling adults in an urban-marginalized district of Lima, Peru. Structured questionnaires collected demographic, health, and socioeconomic data; neurocognitive assessments and depression screening were conducted. RESULTS: Mean age was 50.5 years, with 71% female, and a mean of 9.1 years of education. Among older adults, 32% had mild NCD and 4.2% had major NCD; 21.1% of younger adults had any NCD. Nearly 40% of the cohort was depressed. Risk factors for MCI and NCD included lower education, hypertension, and non-Spanish native language, while depression was associated with female sex, lower education, overcrowding, and chronic diseases. DISCUSSION: The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to address NCDs and mental health in urban-marginalized areas of LMICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Among older adults, 32% had mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD) and 4.2% had major NCD; 21.1% of younger adults had any NCD. Nearly 40% of the cohort was depressed. Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and NCD included lower education, hypertension, and non-Spanish native language, while depression was associated with female sex, lower education, overcrowding, and chronic diseases.
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