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Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru
Author(s)
Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
Dan Jia
Northwestern University
Marcela Gil-Zacarías
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Alana Latorre
Mississippi College
Robinson Cabello
Via Libre
Patricia García
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Monica M. Diaz
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Date Issued
1 de enero de 2024
Type
Article
Volume
23
Series/Report No.
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)
Start Page
23259582241273452
End Page
23259582241273452
ISSN
2325-9574
2325-9582
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Depression is prevalent among aging people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. We sought to identify depression risk factors among a group of middle-aged and older PLWH in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed risk factors for depression among PLWH over age 40 receiving care in an HIV clinic in Lima, Peru. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered. We performed descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 51.7 ± 7.7 years with 15.3% females. One-quarter of participants had depression with higher frequency in females. Risk factors that significantly increased the risk of depression included female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.19 [95%CI 1.07-4.49]), currently smoking (aPR = 2.25 [95%CI 1.15-4.43]), and prior opportunistic infection (aPR = 2.24 [95%CI 1.05-4.76]). DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates that PLWH who are female, current smokers, or had an opportunistic infection have higher risk of depression. Identifying PLWH at-risk for depression is key to early mental health interventions.
Keywords