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    Discrimination and mental health in the minority sexual population: Cross-sectional analysis of the first peruvian virtual survey
    (2022-06-03)
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    David Saldaña-Cabanillas
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    Luigy Vasquez-Yeng
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    Javier Antonio Valencia-Huamani
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    OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate the association between discrimination and having mental health problems in the past 12 months in the sexual minority population in Peru. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a secondary database corresponding to the first LGBTI survey in Peru in 2017. We included adults who self-identified their sexual orientation as gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, or asexual/others. Both the exposure and dependent variables were self-reported by the participants. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to determine the association by calculating adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Out of 9760 respondents, more than two-thirds of the participants reported having been discriminated against or having experienced violence at some time in their lives (70.3%) and one-fourth reported having mental health problems (23.8%). In the multivariable regression model, the prevalence of mental health problems in the last 12 months was 72% higher for the group of individuals who experienced discrimination when compared with the group that did not experience discrimination (APR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.57-1.88). The association was stronger among who self-identified lesbians (APR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.65-2.64). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of mental health problems and discrimination was high in this population. In addition, we found a statistically significant association between discrimination and the occurrence of mental health problems in the last 12 months.
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    Asociación entre preocupación frente a la COVID-19, el apoyo social y el conocimiento sobre tuberculosis con el cumplimiento del tratamiento antituberculoso en Lima, Perú
    (2023-06-30)
    Yuli L. Quiroz
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    Susan O. Choqueza
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    INTRODUCTION: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, information on factors associated with adherence to antituberculosis treatment in areas with high prevalence of tuberculosis is scarce. OBJETIVE: To evaluate whether there is an association between social support, concern about COVID-19 infection and knowledge about tuberculosis, and non-adherence to antituberculosis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODOS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients under antituberculosis treatment, from January to March, 2022, in centers located in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis in Lima. We used the Morisky Green-Levine questionnaire to assess adherence to treatment as the dependent variable; the independent variables were evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey for perceived social support and concern about COVID-19 infection, and the Battle Test to assess patients’ knowledge about their disease. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to evaluate the association between the independent variables and the dependent one. RESULTS: Out of 101 participants (73.3% male with an average age of 35.1 ± 16 years), 51.5% were non-adherent to antituberculosis treatment. Medium or high level of concern about getting COVID-19 was associated with a higher prevalence of non-adherence to treatment (odds ratio: 1.68; 95 % confidence interval: 1.09-2.57) (adjusted for considered confounding variables). CONCLUSIONS: Non-adherence is a frequent condition among patients living in an area with a high prevalence of tuberculosis in Lima, especially among those with a higher concern for COVID-19 infection.
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    Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (2022-03-01)
    Jared Fernandez-Morales
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    Sebastian A. Medina-Ramírez
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    David R. Soriano‐Moreno
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    Abdiel H. Coico-Lama
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    Percutaneous coronary intervention versus optimal medical therapy for stable coronary artery disease: An umbrella review
    (2024-03-01)
    David R. Soriano‐Moreno
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    Daniel Fernandez‐Guzman
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    Kimberly G. Tuco
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    Fabricio Ccami‐Bernal
    Background: Invasive management of stable coronary artery disease is still a controversial topic. The purpose of this umbrella review was to synthesize systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluate the benefits and harms of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL from 2018 to August 7, 2022. We included SRs with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the question of interest. We assessed the methodological quality of the SRs with the AMSTAR-2 tool. We summarized the results of the outcomes for each SR. We calculated the degree of overlap of the RCTs included in the SRs using the corrected covered area (CCA). Results: We found 10 SRs with meta-analyses. The SRs included 3 to 15 RCTs. The degree of overlap among the SRs was very high (CCA > 15%). No SR evaluated the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE system and 9 out of 10 had critically low methodological quality. The SRs reported heterogeneous results for the outcomes of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and angina. On the other hand, for the outcomes of cardiovascular mortality and stroke, all SRs agreed that there were no differences between PCI and OMT alone. Conclusions: We found 10 SRs on the use of PCI compared to OMT alone for patients with stable coronary artery disease. However, none had high methodological quality, none evaluated the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach, and the results were inconsistent for several outcomes. This variability in evidence may result in divergent clinical decisions for the management of stable coronary artery disease among healthcare professionals. It is necessary to perform a high-quality SR using the GRADE approach to clarify the balance of benefits and harms of PCI.
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    Prevalence and incidence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (2026-04-21)
    Sharong D. Castro-Díaz
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    Jennifer D. Castro-Diaz
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    Viviana M. Ruiz-Vargas
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    David R. Soriano‐Moreno
    BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects thyroid metabolism, increasing the risk of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Dialysis further alters hormone levels through impaired synthesis, iodine imbalance, and treatment-related factors. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients with CKD on dialysis. METHODS: We conducted a search in the Scopus and PubMed databases up to November 29, 2024. We included studies reporting prevalence or incidence data on hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism (clinical or subclinical) in CKD patients on dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis). A random-effects model meta-analysis of proportions was used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates. RESULTS: A total of 39 studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 40 to 8840 participants. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 15.9% (95% CI: 13.0 to 19.0; I²: 96.2%), with 5.6% for clinical hypothyroidism and 11.2% for subclinical hypothyroidism (notably higher in peritoneal dialysis). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 5.1% (95% CI: 2.7 to 8.2; I²: 93.8%), with 0.9% for clinical hyperthyroidism and 3.3% for subclinical hyperthyroidism. Meta-regression analyses indicated that a longer mean duration on dialysis was associated with a lower prevalence of hypothyroidism (p = 0.008). Only one study reported the incidence of hypothyroidism (10.9%) and hyperthyroidism (4.9%), thus evidence on incidence remains scarce. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients with CKD on dialysis is high, although with high heterogeneity among studies. Evidence on incidence remains limited and should be interpreted as exploratory. These findings support increased clinical vigilance and consideration of early detection strategies rather than definitive screening policies.
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    Computer visual syndrome in graduate students of a private university in Lima, Perú
    (2021-07-24)
    D. Fernandez-Villacorta
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    Tomas Gálvez-Olortegui
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    N. Agui-Santivañez
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    David R. Soriano‐Moreno
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    COVID-19 among Amazonian indigenous in Peru
    (2022-01-01)
    Data of the paper "COVID-19 among Amazonian indigenous in Peru: mortality, incidence, and clinical characteristics"
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    Intimate partner violence against reproductive-age women and associated factors in Peru: evidence from national surveys, 2015–2017
    (2021-07-01)
    Ruth M. Burgos-Muñoz
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    Guido Bendezú-Quispe
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    Diego Urrunaga‐Pastor
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    Carlos J. Toro‐Huamanchumo
    PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) against reproductive-age women in Peru. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the ENDES 2015-2017. ENDES is a multi-stage survey with a probabilistic sampling design for the urban and rural areas of the 25 regions of Peru. A total of 62,870 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were included. IPV was defined as any report of violence (physical, psychological or sexual) committed by the last partner of the women. Categorical variables were described using absolute frequencies and weighted proportions. We used generalized linear models with Poisson family and log link function to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) for the associated factors with their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The overall IPV was 38.7%. The prevalence of sexual, psychological and physical IPV was 6.9%, 26.8%, and 31.2%, respectively. The frequency of any IPV was lower in younger women, those living with their intimate partners or married, and those living in a coastal region different from Lima. IPV was more frequent among women with a low educational level, or with a partner with low educational level, with children, with a partner with alcohol habit, in women with a history of violence by the father against the mother and living in the highlands or the jungle. CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, IPV affects nearly four in ten women (physical and psychological types were the most frequent). The factors associated with IPV can be useful markers to identify the most vulnerable groups for implementing interventions intended to decrease the prevalence of IPV.
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    Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance among Health Personnel from Peru
    (2021-11-15)
    Brenda Galindo-Yllu
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    Carlos J. Toro‐Huamanchumo
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    Rosmery Gutierrez-Ajalcriña
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    We explored the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) among health personnel from a public hospital in Peru in a cross-sectional study with data from the Plan for the Prevention and Surveillance of Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases of Huaycán Hospital. MetS was defined according to Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) criteria and IR with surrogate IR markers, triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C), and triglyceride-to-glucose index (TyG). The association between SUA and MetS and IR was determined using Poisson regression models in a sample of 292 participants with an average age of 46.2 ± 10.6 years. The total prevalence of MetS was 38%, and the individuals with MetS presented mainly alterations in anthropometric parameters (obesity and body fat). Finally, the adjusted regression models showed that women with SUA in the highest tertile increased the prevalence of MetS (PR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07-2.74) compared to the lowest tertile of SUA in women, while SUA increased hypertriglyceridemia and IR (TG/HDL-C and TyG) in both sexes. We concluded that SUA is strongly associated with MetS in women, and SUA increases hypertriglyceridemia and IR in both sexes. On the contrary, more research is required regarding the female population.