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Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Author(s)
Ccami-Bernal, Fabricio
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa
Romero-Robles, Milton A.
Ministry of Health
Barriga-Chambi, Fernanda
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa
Nuñez-Lupaca, Janeth N.
Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University
Pacheco‑Mendoza, Josmel
Universidad Científica del Sur
Galvez-Olortegui, Tomas Vladimir
Hospital Base Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen
Benítes-Zapata, Vicente A.
Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
Date Issued
2024
Type
Review
Publisher
Spanish Council of Optometry
Volume
17
Issue
1
Series/Report No.
Journal of Optometry
Contained in
Journal of Optometry
ISSN
1888-4296
Abstract
Purpose This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the general population and subgroups. Methods A search was conducted in the following the databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science until February 13, 2023. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of CVS in any population. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of CVS was done using a random-effects model, assessing the sources of heterogeneity using subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Results A total of 103 cross-sectional studies with 66 577 participants were included. The prevalence of CVS was 69.0% (95% CI: 62.3 to 75.3; I2: 99.7%), ranging from 12.1 to 97.3% across studies. Point prevalence was higher in women than in men (71.4 vs. 61.8%), university students (76.1%), Africa (71.2%), Asia (69.9%), contact lens wearers (73.1% vs. 63.8%) in studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.8%), and in those that did not use the CVS-Q questionnaire (75.4%). In meta-regression, using the CVS-Q scale was associated with a lower prevalence of CVS. Conclusion Seven out of ten people suffer from CVS. Preventive strategies and interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of this condition which can affect productivity and quality of life. Future studies should standardize a definition of CVS.