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Sex differences in entrapment in a multinational sample: a network analysis perspective
Author(s)
Ramos-Vera, Cristian
Universidad César Vallejo
Calle, Dennis
Universidad César Vallejo
Quispe-Callo, Gleni
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa
Höller, Inken
Charlotte Fresenius Hochschule
Forkmann, Thomas
University of Duisburg-Essen
Ordoñez-Carrasco, Jorge
University of Almería
Čopková, Radka
Technical University of Košice
Lichner, Vladimir
University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik
Lobos-Rivera, Marlon
Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador
Universidad Señor de Sipán
Date Issued
28 de mayo de 2024
Type
Article
Volume
15
Series/Report No.
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Start Page
1321207
End Page
1321207
ISSN
1664-0640
Abstract
Background: The concept of entrapment has been highlighted as a transdiagnostic element that manifests itself in disorders such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Although research has been conducted in different contexts independently, a comprehensive multi-country study to assess gender differences in entrapment through network analysis has not yet been carried out. The objective of this study was to evaluate the entrapment network in men and women at the multinational level. Methods: A sample of 2,949 participants, ranging in age from 18 to 73 years from six countries (Germany, Iran, Spain, Slovakia, El Salvador, and Peru), was considered. They completed the entrapment scale. A network analysis was performed for both men and women to identify the connectivity between indicators and the formation of clusters and domains, in addition to the centrality assessment in both sex groups. Results: The study findings revealed the presence of a third domain focused on external interpersonal entrapment in the network of men and women. However, in relation to the interconnectivity between domains, variations were evidenced in both networks, as well as in centrality, it was reported that men present a greater generalized entrapment in various aspects of life, while women tend to experience a more focused entrapment in expressions of intense emotional charge. Conclusion: The multinational study identified variations in the structure of entrapment between genders, with three domains (internal, external, and external-interpersonal) and differences in the interaction of indicators and groupings, as well as discrepancies in centrality.