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    Body Self-Perception, Dietary Self-Efficacy, and Body Mass Index in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey
    (2023-01-01)
    Ramirez Luque, Diana Beatriz
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    Rocha Huaman, Neirru L
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    ; ;
    Ramos‐Vera, Cristian
    Background: Body self-perception and dietary self-efficacy may represent an important factor in the prevention of excess body weight. Purpose: This study evaluated body self-perception, dietary self-efficacy, and body mass index (BMI) in the Peruvian population. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 190 men and 210 women. Each participant was shown 9 Stunkard anatomical silhouettes corresponding to BMI values. The results obtained were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. The Dieting Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE) was also applied. Chi-square statistic, Kruskal–Wallis, Student t -test, and ANOVA were used to explore differences in means and proportions. Results: Age was significantly higher in those who underestimated their weight and who were dissatisfied with their body (p = 0.000). BMI was higher in men, most were dissatisfied with their body (p< 0.05), and were more likely to underestimate their weight compared to women (p = 0.000). Those participants who were dissatisfied with their body and who underestimated their weight were more likely to have an elevated BMI compared to those who were satisfied and who did not underestimate their weight. All participants had low dietary self-efficacy (LDSE), with a little higher proportion in men compared to women (62.6% vs 61.4%). The majority (45.9%) reported little confidence to resist high-calorie food temptations. More than half of the participants reported body dissatisfaction and LDSE, this was more frequent in men compared to women. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and implement preventive measures to improve self-perception of the body, taking into account factors such as gender, age, and eating habits. Keywords: dietary self-efficacy, BMI, body self-perception, obesity, Peru
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    Zoonotic Parasites in Hoplosternum littorale Acquired in the Market of Santa Clara, in the City of Iquitos, Loreto-Peru
    (2025-03-26) ;
    Stephanie Geovana Reyes Llanos
    ;
    Luciano Rodríguez Chu
    ;
    Avita Celeste Taricuarima Dreyfus
    ;
    Luis Armando García Solsol
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    Validation of the Working Alliance Inventory- Short Form for Patient (WAI-S-P) in Peruvian Adults
    (2023-09-01)
    Ramos‐Vera, Cristian
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    Sánchez‐Villena, Andy Rick
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    Calle, Dennis
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    Background: Although the importance of the therapeutic alliance in the treatment process and health outcomes is recognized, so far, there has been no evaluation in the Peruvian context that considers possible individual differences that could influence this assessment. Purpose: This study assessed the psychometric properties of the WAI-S-P in a sample of individuals from Peru who are receiving psychological therapy. Furthermore, a network analysis was conducted to investigate the direct relationships between the therapeutic alliance and several relevant sociodemographic variables. Methods: =12.67) that had attended less than 6 sessions. Three models were considered, including a three-factor and a two-factor correlated model, as well as a bifactor model. In addition, a network of partial associations was created including the overall therapeutic alliance, sex, age, and number of psychotherapeutic sessions. Results: The bifactor model, with an overall therapeutic alliance factor and two specific factors ("contact" and "contract"), better fit the data. Invariance of the structure by sex and age showed equitable measurement. On the other hand, network analysis revealed a positive correlation between total session attendance and therapeutic alliance. Men reported higher therapeutic alliance, while women had higher total session attendance. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the therapeutic alliance is better represented by a bifactor model and demonstrates invariance across sex and age in Peruvian adults. Additionally, findings indicate that differences in life experiences and the sex of patients may need to be verified in future studies to better understand nuanced needs in forming therapeutic alliances at least in the early stages of session attendance.
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    Relationship Between Dietary Self-Efficacy and Religiosity Among Seventh-Day Adventists in Peru
    (2022-02-01) ; ;
    Brañes-Ruiz, Digna E
    ;
    Nunura-Figueroa, Pedro R
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    Chávez-Hernández, Treisy C
    BACKGROUND: Most of the studies involving members of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church (SDA) have been conducted in the United States and Canada. AIM: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between dietary self-efficacy and religiosity among SDA members in Peru. METHODS: In this online cross-sectional study, 403 participants aged 18 to 59 years selected by convenience were included. The data collected included sociodemographic information. In addition, the Dietary Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE) and the Duke University Index of Religion (DUREL) were administered. A correlation analysis was performed and multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between religiosity, dietary self-efficacy, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Dietary self-efficacy was significantly negatively correlated with all dimensions of religiosity, ie, organized religious activities (ORA), non-organized religious activities (NORA), and intrinsic religiosity (IR). In addition, participants had high dietary self-efficacy and religiosity. CONCLUSION: Although religiosity dimensions did not significantly predict dietary self-efficacy, however, the non-organized religious activities dimension was the strongest predictor of dietary self-efficacy among Adventists in Peru. The present study will serve as a basis for future research to further investigate the potential positive effect of religiosity on the improvement a healthy diet and possible changes in the physical and mental health of the population.
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    Telehealth-based interventions on lifestyle, body mass index, and glucose concentration in university staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A pre-experimental study
    (2022-01-01)
    Marquez, Neidis M.
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    Castellanos-Vazquez, Antonio J.
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    Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted the health of the population. Technological advances become alternative tools for the promotion of lifestyle and prevention of non-communicable diseases in university personnel. Objective: This study analyzed the effect of an intervention based on a telehealth program and investigated its efficacy in improving lifestyle, body mass index, and glucose concentration in university staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: A pre-experimental study was conducted between August and December 2021 on 100 workers of a private university located in Tarapoto, Peru. Information was collected on lifestyle practices and beliefs, body mass index, and glucose contraction before and after the intervention. After the intervention, 78 participants were analyzed; 22 workers did not respond to the invitation. Results: Comparison between pretest and follow-up showed an increase in lifestyle practices and beliefs (from 93.33 ± 9.44 to 96.23 ± 9.32, p < 0.01), although this value is considered an unhealthy lifestyle. Moreover, a decrease in body mass index (from 25.23 ± 3.08 to 24.98 ± 2.98, p < 0.05) and glucose concentration (from 98.35 ± 6.70 to 97.45 ± 5.61, p < 0.01) was observed. Conclusion: Telehealth-based educational interventions could be effective in university staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which, in turn, would support improved lifestyles and adequate body mass index and glucose levels.
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    Religious Involvement, Vegetarian Diet, and Mental Well-Being Among Seventh-day Adventists in Peru
    (2024-06-03) ;
    Pizarro-Ramírez, Ericka L.
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    Acosta Enríquez, María Elena
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    ;
    Mental well-being is conditioned by several factors, including religious involvement and diet. However, this evidence does not exist among members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) in Latin America, particularly Peru. This study evaluated the association between religious involvement and vegetarian diet with mental well-being in members of the SDA Church in Peru. In this cross-sectional study, the sample included 767 participants, aged 18 to 59 years. A face-to-face and online survey was administered that included information on the dietary regimen and sociodemographic characteristics. Religious involvement and mental well-being were measured using the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), respectively. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the factors associated with mental well-being. Being female (β = 1.80, p < 0.001), coming from the highland region (β = 1.98, p < 0.001), having a basic educational degree (β = 1.85, p < 0.001), a higher level of religious involvement (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), and being vegetarian (β = 1.21, p < 0.001) were associated with greater mental well-being. This evidence highlights the implication of religious participation and a vegetarian diet in mental health, not only among SDA church members but also in a broader context. However, it should be recognized that direct transfer of church-based health promotion interventions and strategies to the general population can present challenges; therefore, it is suggested that these strategies should be adapted and adjusted to consider differences in the community context.
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    Age at menarche and chronological age as explanatory factors of BMI: a cross-sectional study among Peruvian adolescents
    (2025-11-24)
    Gálvez-Díaz, Norma Del Carmen
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    Casas-Gálvez, Christian
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    Barreto-Espinoza, Luz Antonia
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    BACKGROUND: Age at menarche has been associated with various indicators of adolescent health, including body mass index (BMI). However, its specific contribution to BMI across different geographical contexts remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether chronological age and age at menarche act as explanatory factors of BMI in a sample of Peruvian adolescents. METHODS: This was an explanatory study. A non-probabilistic sample of 423 adolescents from Lambayeque, Peru, was included. A structured data collection sheet was used to assess age at menarche, as well as weight and height. RESULTS: The multiple regression model identified age at menarche and chronological age as significant predictors of BMI. Model 2 demonstrated a better fit (BIC = 1658 vs. BIC = 1669 in Model 1) and explained 31% of the variability in BMI (adjusted R² = 0.310, F = 96.018, p < 0.001). A negative effect of age at menarche on BMI was observed (β = -0.161, p < 0.001), indicating that earlier menarche is associated with higher BMI. Similarly, chronological age had a significant positive effect (β = 0.516, p < 0.001) and was the variable with the greatest impact on BMI. CONCLUSION: Chronological age and age at menarche are important explanatory factors of BMI in adolescents. Earlier menarche is associated with higher BMI, underscoring the importance of considering pubertal development when evaluating nutritional status during this stage of life.
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