Total and whole grain intake in Latin America: findings from the multicenter cross-sectional Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS)
Author(s)
Mariane de Mello Fontanelli
Irina Kowalskys
Georgina Gómez
Attilio Rigotti
Lilia Yadira Cortés
Martha Cecilia Yépez García
Rossina G. Pareja
Marianella Herrera‐Cuenca
Mauro Fisberg
ELANS Study Group
Mauro Fisberg
Irina Kovalskys
Georgina Gómez
Attilio Rigotti
Lilia Yadira Cortés
Martha Cecilia Yépez García
Rossina G. Pareja
Marianella Herrera‐Cuenca
Berthold Koletzko
Luís A. Moreno
Michael Pratt
Regina Mara Fisberg
Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli
Viviana Guajardo
Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
Viviana Guajardo
María Paz Amigo
Ximena Janezic
Fernando Cardini
Myriam Echeverry
Natasha Aparecida Grande de França
Guadalupe Echeverría
Leslie Landaeta‐Díaz
O. Castillo
Luz Nayibe Vargas
Luisa Fernanda Tobar Yuri Milena Castillo
Rafael Monge Rojas
Mónica Villar Cáceres
María Belén Ocampo
Maria Reyna Liria-Domínguez
Krysty Meza
Mellisa Abad
Marianella Herrera‐Cuenca
Maritza Landaeta‐Jiménez
Betty Méndez
Maura Vásquez
Guillermo Ramírez
Pablo Hernández
Carmen Meza
Omaira Rivas
Vanessa Morales
Priscila Bezerra Gonçalves
Claudia Alberico
Gérson Ferrari
Date Issued
7 de julio de 2021
Type
Article
Volume
61
Issue
1
Start Page
489
End Page
501
Abstract
PURPOSE: Understanding whole-grain intake and its associated factors is essential to tackle the double burden of malnutrition faced by Latin American countries. This study aimed to characterize total and whole grain intake in Latin American countries and to investigate foods contributing to these intake in the region. METHODS: Data were obtained from the multicenter cross-sectional survey Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), including 9128 participants residing in urban areas of eight Latin American countries. Data collection was performed via two household visits using a standardized questionnaire and two 24 h dietary recalls. Usual dietary intake of total grain foods and foods containing whole grains was estimated. The association between the intake of grain food groups and sociodemographic variables was investigated using multiple linear regression models with random intercepts. RESULTS: Mean intake of total grain foods and foods containing whole grains was 318.6 g/d and 14.7 g/d, respectively. Total grain foods were less consumed by participants at older ages (-9.8 g/d), and females (-9.9 g/d), and more consumed by those in the lowest socioeconomic category (24.8 g/d). Foods containing whole grains were more consumed by participants at older ages (3.3 g/d), and females (4.0 g/d), while those in the lowest socioeconomic category consumed 2.9 g/d less. Major contributors to energy provided from foods containing whole grains were oatmeal, masa harina, whole-wheat bread, corn chips, and wheat crackers. CONCLUSION: The intake of grain foods represented a substantial part of the Latin American population's diet, but the intake of foods containing whole grains was extremely low in all assessed countries.
Subjects