Rojas Humpire, Ricardo Josue

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Rojas Humpire, Ricardo Josue
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  • Publicacion
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    Total and whole grain intake in Latin America: findings from the multicenter cross-sectional Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS)
    (2021-07-07)
    Regina Mara Fisberg  
    ;
    Mariane de Mello Fontanelli
    ;
    Irina Kowalskys
    ;
    Georgina Gómez
    ;
    Attilio Rigotti
    PURPOSE: Understanding whole-grain intake and its associated factors is essential to tackle the double burden of malnutrition faced by Latin American countries. This study aimed to characterize total and whole grain intake in Latin American countries and to investigate foods contributing to these intake in the region. METHODS: Data were obtained from the multicenter cross-sectional survey Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), including 9128 participants residing in urban areas of eight Latin American countries. Data collection was performed via two household visits using a standardized questionnaire and two 24 h dietary recalls. Usual dietary intake of total grain foods and foods containing whole grains was estimated. The association between the intake of grain food groups and sociodemographic variables was investigated using multiple linear regression models with random intercepts. RESULTS: Mean intake of total grain foods and foods containing whole grains was 318.6 g/d and 14.7 g/d, respectively. Total grain foods were less consumed by participants at older ages (-9.8 g/d), and females (-9.9 g/d), and more consumed by those in the lowest socioeconomic category (24.8 g/d). Foods containing whole grains were more consumed by participants at older ages (3.3 g/d), and females (4.0 g/d), while those in the lowest socioeconomic category consumed 2.9 g/d less. Major contributors to energy provided from foods containing whole grains were oatmeal, masa harina, whole-wheat bread, corn chips, and wheat crackers. CONCLUSION: The intake of grain foods represented a substantial part of the Latin American population's diet, but the intake of foods containing whole grains was extremely low in all assessed countries.
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    Comparative Analysis of the Regulations for the Marketing and Quality Control of Herbal Products Used for Health in France, Peru and West Africa
    (2025-11-30)
    Ines Y. Castro-Dionicio  
    ;
    Charlotte Dumondin
    ;
    Latifou Lagnika
    ;
    Nicolás Fabre
    ;
    Rokia Sanogo
    Traditional medicine is increasingly promoted worldwide as a tool to achieve universal access to healthcare. Herbal medicines have formed the basis of healthcare throughout the world and are still widely used, playing a major role in the international health market. However, several factors influence the potential quality of phytotherapy. The diversity of herbal medicines, their various uses and preparation methods, the pluralism in access to these treatments, and the variability in the chemical composition of raw materials depending on their environment are all critical elements. This study compares the regulatory frameworks and quality control practices for plant-based health products in six countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Peru and France. It also provides an overview of the market in these countries. To do so, we compiled and highlighted key information from WHO guidelines, national legal documents, public databases on product registration and markets, and conducted interviews with health organisation experts. The main findings indicate that West African countries face challenges related to regulatory enforcement and limited industrial and research capacity. In contrast, Peru experienced an initial surge in production following regulation in 1997 and gained international recognition for Amazonian plants, but saw a decline after the 2009 U.S.-Peru Free Trade Agreement due to more stringent standards. France, while notable for its pharmacopoeia, struggles to implement quality control given the high volume of dietary supplements available. Based on these comparative insights, the paper recommends a multidimensional approach: promoting stakeholder training in good practices, developing robust pharmacopoeias, facilitating dialogue between traditional and allopathic medicines, and building shared infrastructures for research and quality control. These strategies, informed by successful practices across countries, aim to support the safe and equitable development of herbal health products worldwide.
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    Increasing tree size across Amazonia
    (2025-09-25)
    Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert  
    ;
    Rebecca Banbury Morgan
    ;
    Roel Brienen
    ;
    Emanuel Gloor
    ;
    Simon L. Lewis
    Abstract Climate change and increasing availability of resources such as carbon dioxide are modifying forest functioning worldwide, but the effects of these changes on forest structure are unclear. As additional resources become available, for example, through CO 2 fertilization or nitrogen deposition, large trees, with greater access to light, may be expected to gain further advantages. Conversely, smaller light-suppressed trees might benefit more if their light compensation point changes, while bigger trees may be the most negatively impacted by increasing heat and drought. We assessed recent changes in the structure of Earth’s largest tropical forest by analysing 30 years of Amazonian tree records across 188 mature forest plots. We find that, at a stand level, trees have become larger over time, with mean tree basal area increasing by 3.3% per decade (95% CI 2.4; 4.1). Larger trees have increased in both number and size, yet we observed similar rates of relative size gain in large and small trees. This evidence is consistent with a resource-driven boost for larger trees but also a reduction in suppression among smaller trees. These results, especially the persistence and consistency of tree size increases across Amazonian forest plots, communities and regions, indicate that any negative impacts of climate change on forests and large trees here have so far been mitigated by the positive effects of increased resources.
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    Association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with neck circumference in eight Latin American countries
    (2019-06-24)
    on behalf of the ELANS Study Group  
    ;
    Gérson Ferrari
    ;
    Irina Kovalskys
    ;
    Mauro Fisberg
    ;
    Georgina Gómez
    BACKGROUND: Physical activity is a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of obesity. There are relatively few studies that explore the effect of accelerometer-determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on neck circumference (NC), most of them confined to single high-income countries. The present study investigated the association of accelerometer-determined MVPA with NC in adolescents and adults from eight Latin American countries, which are mostly upper-middle income countries. METHODS: The sample consisted of 2370 participants (47.8% male) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, a multicenter cross-sectional nutrition and health surveillance study of a nationally representative sample from eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Times (min/day) in MVPA (defined as time accumulated at ≥1952 activity counts/min) was assessed by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer over 7 days. NC for adolescent was categorized as abnormal if circumference was > 34.5 cm for boys and > 31.25 for girls, whereas for adults the cut-off points for abnormal were > 39 cm for men and > 35 cm women. Multilevel logistic models, including country and region as random effects and adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic level, and educational level, were used to study the association between MVPA and NC. RESULTS: The average time of MVPA was 34.88 min/day, ranging from 31.16 in Venezuela to 40.27 in Chile. Concerning NC, 37.0% of the sample was classified as having elevated NC. Chile was the country with the highest percentage of people with elevated NC (56.9%), and Colombia had the lowest percentage (24.8%). Overall, the MVPA (min/day) was associated with elevated NC (OR = 0.994, CI95% = 0.990-0.998). In Costa Rica and Peru, there were significant associations between MVPA and NC when analyzed by country. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provided evidence of significant associations between MVPA and NC in adolescents and adults from Latin America, independent of sex, age, socioeconomic level, and educational level. This analysis of accelerometry data and NC represents the first examination of these associations in eight Latin America countries. Further research is required to understand the differences between countries in the observed associations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627 . Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
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    Factors associated with the use of dental services in older adults in Peru
    (2025-02-12)
    Bryan Alexis Cossio-Alva  
    ;
    Rubén Espinoza-Rojas
    ;
    Miguel Angel Ruiz-Barrueto
    ;
    Giancarlo Becerra Atoche
    ;
    Christian R. Mejía
    BACKGROUND: The use of dental services by older adults in Peru faces various challenges that impact both their oral and overall health. Several factors play a crucial role in obtaining adequate dental care. AIMS: To evaluate the factors associated with the use of dental services in older adults in Peru. METHODS: This study was an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional investigation that utilized data from multiple years (2018-2022) of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES, by its Spanish acronym). The use of dental services was assessed through a specific survey question and analyzed in association with various socio-demographic variables, employing both descriptive and analytical statistical methods. RESULTS: In the multivariable analysis, the likelihood of not utilizing dental services was higher among men aPR: 1.53 (95% CI: 1.45-1.61), those without health insurance aPR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.36-1.53), those who self-identified as other races aPR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.13-1.33), Afro-descendants aPR: 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01-1.19), whites aPR: 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01-1.25) according to education level, those with a physical limitation aPR: 1.24 (95% CI: 1.15-1.33), and increased as they were poorer; it was lower among the rich but more pronounced among the middle-income, poor, and very poor, adjusted for five variables. CONCLUSION: It was reported that 15% of older adults did not use dental services, and this was associated with significant socio-demographic variables.
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    Cambios hematológicos relacionados con componentes del síndrome metabólico en personal de salud con alimentación balanceada
    (2021-03-29)
    Castro Diaz, Sharong Dayan  
    ;
    Rojas Humpire, Ricardo Josue  
    ;
    Condori-Meza, Benjamín
    ;
    Bonifacio-García, Luis E.
    ;
    Gutierrez-Ajalcriña, Rosmery
    Abstract Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of interrelated disorders that produce alterations in various biological systems. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in the presence of metabolic syndrome in health personnel with a balanced diet. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where the database of health personnel who participated in the Plan for the Prevention of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases of the Hospital of Huaycan, Peru, was analyzed. The evaluation of the SM was carried out using the criteria of the Latin American Association of Diabetes (ALAD) in the workers who presented a balanced diet according to the questionnaire "FANTASTIC". The relationship between hematological changes and SM components was made through Spearman's correlation while the comparison of accumulated groups of SM components and hematological changes was made with the Kruskal-wallis test and later Bonferroni's post hoc analysis. Results: Data from 285 participants were analyzed, 31.2% men and 68.8% women with a mean age of 46.1 ± 10.5 years. The prevalence of MS was 36.2%, only women presented changes in hematological parameters in the presence of MS. The relationship between the components of MS and hematological changes was strong with the increase in abdominal circumference and triglycerides; likewise, the accumulation of more than 2 components of MS significantly increases the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit in women. Conclusions: In our study the women presented hematological changes mainly in the red series related to MS and certain components of it. Further population-based studies are needed to corroborate our findings.
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    Association between Copeptin and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review
    (2022-10-22)
    Rojas Humpire, Ricardo Josue  
    ;
    Soriano‐Moreno, David R.
    ;
    Galindo-Yllu, Brenda
    ;
    Zafra‐Tanaka, Jessica Hanae
    Background: Copeptin, a reliable marker for vasopressin release, has been associated with cardiometabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review aims to evaluate the association between copeptin and MetS. Methods: We searched in Pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases until March 2021 and included observational studies (cohort studies, cross-sectional, and case-control) reporting the risk or prevalence of having MetS in patients with elevated copeptin levels compared to patients without elevated copeptin levels. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not performed because of the heterogeneity of the copeptin cut-off values. Results: A total of 7 studies (5 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, and 1 cohort) were included comprising 11,699 participants. Most of them were performed in the adult general population. Two cross-sectional and one case-control studies found a positive significant association between higher levels of copeptin and MetS. While three cross-sectional and one cohort studies found no association. The case-control study had several methodological limitations, most cross-sectional studies were methodologically adequate and the cohort study had no methodological issues. Conclusions: The association between copeptin and MetS is inconsistent. However, the arginine-vasopressin system impairment contributes to metabolic disorders, expressing plasma copeptin changes. Thus, more longitudinal studies are required to corroborate the association of copeptin and MetS.
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    New and previously described Acleotrema species (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) parasitizing sea chubs (Centrarchiformes: Kyphosidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean
    (2025-01-20)
    August Santillan  
    ;
    Celso Cruces
    ;
    Rosa Martínez-Rojas
    ;
    Aarón Mondragón-Martínez
    ;
    Jhon Chero
    During a study on the diversity of monogeneans infecting kyphosid fishes off the coast of Puerto Santa Rosa, Lambayeque region, northern Peru, specimens of the Cortez sea chub Kyphosus elegans (Peters) and the brassy chub K. vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard) were examined. Five diplectanids, including a new species, were identified: Acleotrema alejandroi sp. nov. from K. vaigiensis; A. diplobulbus (Yamaguti, 1968) from K. vaigiensis; A. nenue (Yamaguti, 1968) Dominques & Boeger, 2007 from both K. vaigiensis and K. elegans; A. oliveri (León-Régagnon, Pérez-Ponce de León & Garcia Prieto, 1997) from K. elegans and K. vaigiensis; A. spiculare (Yamaguti, 1968) from K. vaigiensis. Acleotrema alejandroi sp. nov. is easily differentiated from all congeneric species by its male copulatory organ (MCO), which is J-shaped with a spatulate distal end. The middle portion of MCO is surrounded by a sclerotized sac; and the distal portion of the sac bears an elongated, sclerotized U-shaped process. Acleotrema oliveri is redescribed based on examination of the type specimen (holotype and paratypes) and newly collected specimens. In addition, new morphometric data and whole-mount drawing of A. nenue, A. spiculare and A. diplobulbus are provided. Acleotrema nenuoides (Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987) is considered a junior synonym of A. nenue. The present finding brings to 13, the number of known species of Acleotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922, and represents the first diplectanid species infecting kyphosid fishes from Peru. Furthermore, this study represents the first record of A. spiculare and A. diplobulbus after more than 50 years.
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    Long Term Corneal Flattening After Corneal Crosslinking in Patients with Progressive Keratoconus
    (2023-07-01)
    María A. Henríquez  
    ;
    Lisett Perez
    ;
    Gustavo Hernandez-Sahagun
    ;
    Rolando Rojas
    ;
    R. Doyle Stulting
    Purpose: We evaluate the long-term visual, refractive, and keratometric outcomes after corneal crosslinking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus (KC) and the incidence of an extreme corneal flattening effect. Settings: Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Perú. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Forty-five eyes that underwent CXL with epithelial removal between June 2006 and September 2011. Data analysis was performed at preoperative evaluation, 1 year postoperatively, and at least 10 years or more postoperatively. Outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and Scheimpflug (Pentacam) analysis. Progression was defined by an increase in steep keratometry (Ks) of 1.5D or greater between 2 examinations. Extreme flattening effect was defined as a decrease in K values equal to or greater than 5 diopters (D). Results: Mean follow-up time was 11 ± 1.07 years (range 10-13 years). There was a significant improvement in Ks, UCVA, CDVA, and spherical equivalent at the last visit. The overall rate of progression was 2.22% (1/45). Extreme flattening was observed in 15.5% (7/45) of the eyes, and this was associated with a loss of CDVA in 4.44% (2/45) of the eyes. One eye with corneal flattening of 11.5 D lost 7 lines of CDVA and required corneal transplantation. Conclusion: CXL is a safe and effective procedure to stop the progression of KC with a good overall long-term success rate. Extreme corneal flattening may be more common than commonly recognized, and severe corneal flattening associated with a decrease in CDVA may occur.
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