Rojas Humpire, Ricardo Josué

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Rojas Humpire, Ricardo Josué
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ricardohumpire@upeu.edu.pe
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    Description of the advertisement calls of four species of Amazophrynella (Anura:Bufonidae)
    (2018-08-14)
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    Vinícius Tadeu de Carvalho
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    Róbson Waldemar Ávila
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    Ricardo Alexandre Kawashita Ribeiro
    ;
    Tomas Hrbek
    Amazophrynella comprises 11 small bufonid species with a pan-Amazonian distribution (Fouquet et al. 2012a, b; Rojas et al. 2016, Rojas et al. 2018). All species inhabit the forest leaf litter, breed in seasonal puddles and are diurnally and nocturnally active (Fouquet et al. 2012b; Rojas et al. 2014; 2015; 2016). Until now only one nominal species, A. javierbustamantei, and two putative lineages-A. moisesii (Rio Yuyapichis, Peru) and A. siona (Santa Cecilia, Ecuador)-had their advertisement calls formally described (Duellman 1978; Schlüter 1981; Rojas et al. 2016). Herein, we described for the first time the advertisement calls from additional four species of Amazophrynella.
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    Glycosylation as a key for enhancing drug recognition into spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2
    (2021-12-08)
    Georcki Ropón‐Palacios
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    Jhon Pérez-Silva
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    Gustavo E. Olivos-Ramírez
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    Manuel Enrique Chenet Zuta
    The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread since 2019 represents the major public health problem worldwide nowadays, generating a high number of infections and deaths. That’s why, in addition to vaccination campaigns, the design of a drug to help in the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19 is being investigated. In relation to SARS-CoV-2, one of its most studied proteins is the spike protein (S protein), which mediates host-cell entry and is heavily glycosylated. Regarding the latter, several investigations have been carried out, since it plays an important role in the evasion of the host's immune system and contributes to protein folding and the thermostability of the viral particle. For that reason, our objective was to evaluate the impact of glycosylations on the drug recognition on two domains of the S protein, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) through molecular dynamics simulations and computational biophysics analysis. Our results show that glycosylations in the S protein induce structural stability and changes in rigidity/flexibility related to the number of glycosylations in the structure. These structural changes are important for its biological activity as well as the correct interaction of ligands in the RBD and NTD regions. Additionally, we evidenced a roto-translation phenomenon in the interaction of the ligand with RBD in the absence of glycosylation, which disappears due to the influence of glycosylation and the convergence of metastable states in RBM. Similarly, glycosylations in NTD promote an induced-fit phenomenon, which is not observed in the absence of glycosylations; this process is decisive for the activity of the ligand at the cryptic site. Altogether, these results provide an explanation of glycosylation relevance in biophysical properties and drug recognition to S protein of SARS-CoV-2 which must be considered in the rational drug development and virtual screening targeting S protein.
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    Metabolomic characterization of 5 native Peruvian chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) as a tool for species discrimination
    (2022-03-17)
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    Rosario Rojas
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    Fredy Quispe Jacobo
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    Guillaume Cabanac
    ;
    Guillaume Marti
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    Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin American Countries: First Steps of a Long Road Ahead
    (2022-01-01)
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    Lucía Giangreco
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    Cristian Dorati
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    Perla M. de Buschiazzo
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    Silvia Boni
    BACKGROUND: Irrational antimicrobial consumption (AMC) became one of the main global health problems in recent decades. OBJECTIVE: In order to understand AMC in Latin-American Region, we performed the present research in 6 countries. METHODS: Antimicrobial consumption (J01, A07A, P01AB groups) was registered in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Peru. Source of information, AMC type, DDD (Defined Daily Doses), DID (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), population were variables explored. Data was analyzed using the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) tool. RESULTS: Source of information included data from global, public, and private sectors. Total AMC was highly variable (range 1.91-36.26 DID). Penicillin was the most consumed group in all countries except in Paraguay, while macrolides and lincosamides were ranked second. In terms of type of AMC according to the WHO-AWaRe classification, it was found that for certain groups like "Reserve," there are similarities among all countries. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: This paper shows the progress that 6 Latin-American countries made toward AMC surveillance. The study provides a standardized approach for building a national surveillance system for AMC data analysis. These steps will contribute to the inclusion of Latin-America among the regions of the world that have periodic, regular, and quality data of AMC.
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    New and previously described Acleotrema species (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) parasitizing sea chubs (Centrarchiformes: Kyphosidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean
    (2025-01-20)
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    Celso Cruces
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    Rosa Martínez-Rojas
    ;
    Aarón Mondragón-Martínez
    ;
    Jhon Chero
    During a study on the diversity of monogeneans infecting kyphosid fishes off the coast of Puerto Santa Rosa, Lambayeque region, northern Peru, specimens of the Cortez sea chub Kyphosus elegans (Peters) and the brassy chub K. vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard) were examined. Five diplectanids, including a new species, were identified: Acleotrema alejandroi sp. nov. from K. vaigiensis; A. diplobulbus (Yamaguti, 1968) from K. vaigiensis; A. nenue (Yamaguti, 1968) Dominques & Boeger, 2007 from both K. vaigiensis and K. elegans; A. oliveri (León-Régagnon, Pérez-Ponce de León & Garcia Prieto, 1997) from K. elegans and K. vaigiensis; A. spiculare (Yamaguti, 1968) from K. vaigiensis. Acleotrema alejandroi sp. nov. is easily differentiated from all congeneric species by its male copulatory organ (MCO), which is J-shaped with a spatulate distal end. The middle portion of MCO is surrounded by a sclerotized sac; and the distal portion of the sac bears an elongated, sclerotized U-shaped process. Acleotrema oliveri is redescribed based on examination of the type specimen (holotype and paratypes) and newly collected specimens. In addition, new morphometric data and whole-mount drawing of A. nenue, A. spiculare and A. diplobulbus are provided. Acleotrema nenuoides (Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987) is considered a junior synonym of A. nenue. The present finding brings to 13, the number of known species of Acleotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922, and represents the first diplectanid species infecting kyphosid fishes from Peru. Furthermore, this study represents the first record of A. spiculare and A. diplobulbus after more than 50 years.
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    Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance among Health Personnel from Peru
    (2021-11-15)
    Brenda Galindo-Yllu
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    Carlos J. Toro‐Huamanchumo
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    Rosmery Gutierrez-Ajalcriña
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    We explored the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) among health personnel from a public hospital in Peru in a cross-sectional study with data from the Plan for the Prevention and Surveillance of Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases of Huaycán Hospital. MetS was defined according to Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) criteria and IR with surrogate IR markers, triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C), and triglyceride-to-glucose index (TyG). The association between SUA and MetS and IR was determined using Poisson regression models in a sample of 292 participants with an average age of 46.2 ± 10.6 years. The total prevalence of MetS was 38%, and the individuals with MetS presented mainly alterations in anthropometric parameters (obesity and body fat). Finally, the adjusted regression models showed that women with SUA in the highest tertile increased the prevalence of MetS (PR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07-2.74) compared to the lowest tertile of SUA in women, while SUA increased hypertriglyceridemia and IR (TG/HDL-C and TyG) in both sexes. We concluded that SUA is strongly associated with MetS in women, and SUA increases hypertriglyceridemia and IR in both sexes. On the contrary, more research is required regarding the female population.
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    Cambios hematológicos relacionados con componentes del síndrome metabólico en personal de salud con alimentación balanceada
    (2021-03-29)
    Sharong D. Castro-Díaz
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    I. Benjamín Condori-Meza
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    Luis E. BONIFACIO-GARCÍA
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    Rosmery Gutierrez-Ajalcriña
    Abstract Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of interrelated disorders that produce alterations in various biological systems. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in the presence of metabolic syndrome in health personnel with a balanced diet. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where the database of health personnel who participated in the Plan for the Prevention of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases of the Hospital of Huaycan, Peru, was analyzed. The evaluation of the SM was carried out using the criteria of the Latin American Association of Diabetes (ALAD) in the workers who presented a balanced diet according to the questionnaire "FANTASTIC". The relationship between hematological changes and SM components was made through Spearman's correlation while the comparison of accumulated groups of SM components and hematological changes was made with the Kruskal-wallis test and later Bonferroni's post hoc analysis. Results: Data from 285 participants were analyzed, 31.2% men and 68.8% women with a mean age of 46.1 ± 10.5 years. The prevalence of MS was 36.2%, only women presented changes in hematological parameters in the presence of MS. The relationship between the components of MS and hematological changes was strong with the increase in abdominal circumference and triglycerides; likewise, the accumulation of more than 2 components of MS significantly increases the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit in women. Conclusions: In our study the women presented hematological changes mainly in the red series related to MS and certain components of it. Further population-based studies are needed to corroborate our findings.
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    Antibiotic Consumption and Its Relationship with Bacterial Resistance Profiles in ESKAPE Pathogens in a Peruvian Hospital
    (2021-10-08)
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    Susan Abarca-Salazar
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    Renata Lovón
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    Rocío Sáenz-Díez Rojas
    ;
    José Ballena‐López
    A descriptive design was carried out studying the correlation between antimicrobial consumption and resistance profiles of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) in a Peruvian hospital, including the surgical, clinical areas and the intensive care unit (ICU) during the time period between 2015 and 2018. There was a significant correlation between using ceftazidime and the increase of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolations (R = 0.97; p < 0.05) and the resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam in Enterobacter spp. and ciprofloxacin usage (R = 0.97; p < 0.05) in the medical wards. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a significant reduction from 2015 to 2018 (67% vs. 28.6%, 65% vs. 34.9%, p < 0.001). These findings give valuable information about the rates and dynamics in the relationship between antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a Peruvian hospital and reinforce the need for continuous support and assessment of antimicrobial stewardship strategies, including microbiological indicators and antimicrobial consumption patterns.
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    Anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity and sitting time patterns in adolescents aged 15–17 years: an international comparison in eight Latin American countries
    (2020-01-21)
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    Gérson Ferrari
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    Irina Kovalskys
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    Mauro Fisberg
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    Georgina Gómez
    BACKGROUND: Although there is high prevalence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among Latin American adolescents, there is limited evidence on dietary intake and physical activity (PA) patterns in this population. Therefore, we characterized anthropometry, dietary intake, PA and sitting time (ST) in adolescents aged 15-17 years from eight Latin American countries. METHODS: ) categories. Waist circumference (WC) was categorized as above or below thresholds. Dietary intake was assessed through two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. PA and ST were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We calculated overall and country-specific estimates by sex and tested for differences between boys and girls. RESULTS: Differences in the prevalence of overweightness (15.1 and 21.6%) and obesity (8.5 and 6.5%) between boys and girls, respectively, were statistically insignificant (p = 0.059). Average energy intake was 2289.7 kcal/day (95% CI: 2231-2350) for boys and 1904.2 kcal/day (95% CI: 1840-1963) for girls (p < 0.001). In relation to macronutrient intake for boys and girls, respectively, the average intake (expressed as percentage of total energy) was 15.0 and 14.9% for protein; 55.4 and 54.9% for carbohydrates; 14.1 and 14.5% for added sugar; 29.5 and 30.1% for total fat; and 9.6 and 9.9% for saturated fat (p > 0.05 for all outcomes). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of total energy (TE) saturated fat and added sugar (>10% of TE) between girls and boys (49.6% versus 44.8 and 81.7% versus 76.1%, respectively). Prevalence of physical inactivity was 19% in boys and 43.7% in girls (p < 0.001). Median levels of vigorous-intensity PA and total PA were significantly higher for boys than for girls (p < 0.05 for both outcomes); whereas levels of ST were similar (273.7 versus 220.0 min/day for boys and girls, respectively; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the high prevalence of poor dietary intake and physical inactivity in adolescents from Latin American countries. Therefore, effective and sustainable strategies and programmes are needed that promote healthier diets, regular PA and reduce ST among Latin American adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.