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Tree diversity is changing across tropical Andean and Amazonian forests in response to global change
Author(s)
University of Leeds
F. Costa
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
F. Cuesta
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
G. Arellano
University of Michigan
L. Cayuela
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
T. R. Baker
University of Leeds
F. C. Draper
University of Liverpool
A. Esquivel-Muelbert
University of Cambridge
H. ter Steege
Naturalis Biodiversity Center
M. Bauters
Ghent University
J. Aguirre-Gutiérrez
University of Oxford
Z. Aguirre-Mendoza
Universidad Nacional de Loja
M. N. Alexiades
University of Kent
E. Alvarez-Davila
Fundación Con Vida
E. Arets
Wageningen University & Research
E. Ayala
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
C. G. A. Aymard
Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora
F. Baccaro
Universidade Federal do Amazonas
S. Báez
National Polytechnic School
C. Baraloto
Florida International University
R. I. Barbosa
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
P. Barbosa Camargo
Universidade de São Paulo
J. Barlow
Lancaster University
P. E. Barni
Universidade Estadual de Roraima
J. Barroso
Universidade Federal do Acre
M. Benchimol
Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz
A. C. Bennett
University of Leeds
E. Berenguer
University of Oxford
L. Blanc
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement
D. Bonal
AgroParisTech
F. Bongers
Wageningen University & Research
R. Brienen
University of Leeds
F. Brown
Woodwell Climate Research Center
M. BT Andrade
B. Burban
Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement
R. J. Burnham
University of Michigan
J. L. Camargo
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
S. P. C. Carvalho
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
C. Castilho
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
J. Chave
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
F. Coelho de Souza
J. Comiskey
Smithsonian Institution
L. da Costa
Universidade Federal do Pará
R. B. de Lima
Universidade Estadual do Amapá
E. A. de Oliveira
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
R. L. C. de Oliveira
Universidade Estadual de Roraima
R. de Oliveira Perdiz
Universidade Federal de Roraima
J. De Rutte
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
J. del Aguila-Pasquel
Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
G. Derroire
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
A. Di Fiore
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
M. Disney
National Centre for Earth Observation
A. Duque
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
T. Emilio
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
W. Farfan-Rios
Universidad Andina del Cusco
S. Fauset
University of Plymouth
P. M. Fearnside
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
K. J. Feeley
University of Miami
T. R. Feldpausch
University of Exeter
J. Ferreira
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
L. Ferreira
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
G. R. Flores Llampazo
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana
D. Galbraith
University of Leeds
K. García-Cabrera
National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco
M. García Criado
Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications
E. Gloor
University of Leeds
J. M. Grandez-Rios
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana
B. Hérault
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement
J. Homeier
Philipps University of Marburg
E. N. Honorio Coronado
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
I. Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
Amazon National University of Madre de Dios
W. Huaraca Huasco
University of Oxford
Y. T. Huillca-Aedo
National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco
Á. Idárraga
Fundación Jardín Botánico “Joaquín Antonio Uribe” de Medellín
O. Jadán-Maza
University of Cuenca
M. Kalamandeen
T. J. Killeen
Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
S. G. W. Laurance
James Cook University
Susan G. W. Laurance
James Cook University
A. Levesley
University of Leeds
W. Lopez
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
M. J. Macía
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
W. E. Magnusson
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Y. Malhi
University of Oxford
A. G. Manzatto
Universidade Federal de Rondônia
B. H. Marimon Junior
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
B. H. Marimon Junior
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
J. A. Martínez-Villa
Université du Québec à Montréal
M. B. Medeiros
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
K. Melgaço
L. Melo
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará
T. Metzker
A. Monteagudo
National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco
P. S. Morandi
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
J. A. Myers
Washington University in St. Louis
H. M. Nascimento
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
R. Nascimento
Universidade Federal do Pará
D. Neill
Universidad Estatal Amazónica
B. Nieto-Ariza
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
W. A. Palacios
Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
S. Palacios-Ramos
N. C. Pallqui-Camacho
G. Pardo Molina
J. Peacock
M. A. Peña
R. T. Pennington
M. C. Peñuela
C. A. Peres
Á. J. Pérez
G. C. Pickavance
E. Pinto
J. Pipoly
N. Pitman
A. Prieto
H. Ramírez-Angulo
S. M. Reis
Z. Restrepo
C. Reynel
S. Ribeiro
G. Rivas-Torres
R. Rojas
A. Rudas
N. Salinas
R. P. Salomão
F. Santana
J. Schietti
G. Schwartz
J. Serrano
M. Silman
C. A. Silva
C. A. Silva
R. S. A. Silva
R. S. A. Silva
J. Silva-Espejo
M. Silveira
M. F. Simon
Y. C. Soto-Shareva
P. F. Souza
D. Storck-Tonon
J. Stropp
V. Swamy
J. Sebastián Tello
J. Terborgh
R. Thomas
A. Torres-Lezama
J. D. Vale
L. Valenzuela Gamarra
G. van der Heijden
P. van der Hout
P. J. van der Meer
R. Vasquez Martinez
L. Vedovato
H. Verbeeck
I. Vieira
S. A. Vieira
E. Vilanova
B. Vinceti
V. A. Vos
R. Zagt
P. A. Zuidema
O. L. Phillips
Date Issued
23 de enero de 2026
Type
Article
Volume
10
Issue
2
Series/Report No.
Nature Ecology & Evolution
Start Page
267
End Page
280
ISSN
2397-334X
Abstract
Climate and atmospheric changes are impacting forest function and structure worldwide, but their effects on tropical forest diversity are unclear. Nowhere is the scientific challenge greater than in the Andes and the Amazon, which together include the world's most diverse forests. Here, using 406 permanent plots spanning four decades of intact lowland and montane forest dynamics, we test for long-term change in species richness and assess the influence of climate and other variables. We show that, at a continental scale, species richness appears stable, but this masks substantial regional variation. Species richness increased in Northern Andean and Western Amazon plots, yet declined in the Central Andes, Guyana Shield and Central-Eastern Amazon. Overall, warmer, drier and more seasonal forests lost species, while those at higher elevations, in less fragmented areas and with faster rates of tree turnover experienced increases. Region-specific drivers, particularly precipitation seasonality and demographic factors, modulated these trends. The results highlight the diverse ways in which Amazon-Andes forests are changing and underscore the critical need to preserve large-scale ecosystem integrity to maintain local tree diversity. By doing so, Northern Andean forests in particular could serve as an important refuge for species increasingly displaced by climate change.
Keywords