Hospital-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review
Author(s)
Wilter C. Morales García
Katherin Anais Vásquez Lomas
Susy Caroly Tangoa Pérez
Dayanne Alexandra Vela Pinedo
Jesús Sebastián Flores Tuesta
Date Issued
1 de enero de 2026
Type
Book chapter
Abstract
Objective: to conduct a literature review on hospital-acquired pneumonia through factors, treatment, and prevention.Method: as data sources, Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar were used.Data selection: Documents were selected and analyzed under a critical literature review, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: a corpus of 19 articles was analyzed, including 6 retrospective studies, 4 systematic reviews, 3 prospective studies, 2 narrative studies, 2 cross-sectional studies, 1 qualitative study, 1 observational study, 1 meta-analysis, one multiple logistic regression analysis, one longitudinal study, one analytical review, one phase III trial, one literature review, and one quantitative study.The population studied included pediatric patients, young people, adults, and the elderly.The studies were conducted in various countries, such as Spain, China, Mexico, Brazil, Canada, the Philippines, the United States, India, Egypt, Peru, France, Romania, Italy, Argentina, Oman, and the Czech Republic, each of which contributed a unique perspective to the research.Two articles addressed neurological factors, 11 focused on manifestations, and 6 dealt with predictive factors.The clinical condition of the patients in the studies, 8 articles analyzed the results of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), severe TBI, craniofacial trauma, moderate TBI, chest trauma, pulmonary contusion, acute diseases, hip fracture, chronic lung disease, periodontal disease, poor oral health, and comorbidities in terms of socioeconomic status.The studies were conducted in countries with diverse resources and incomes, reflecting improved access to effective diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia.Conclusion: NIH and its mortality rate are associated with different factors, with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment being essential to avoid complications.The collaboration of nursing staff and multidisciplinary collaboration is highlighted to achieve better control and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.
Subjects