Morales García, Wilter Eyvi Mardel

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Morales García, Wilter Eyvi Mardel
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mardelmorales@upeu.edu.pe
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  • Publicacion
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    Professional Quality of Life and Job Stress among Nurses in COVID-19 Areas
    (2024-01-01)
    Enoc Mamani
    ;
    Janet Mercedes Arévalo-Ipanaqué  
    ;
    Mónica Elisa Meneses-La-Riva
    ;
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    María Teresa Cabanillas-Chávez  
    Background: the COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges in the healthcare field, notably affecting nursing professionals working in critical areas. These challenges have impacted their professional quality of life (PQoL) and increased job stress levels, which are crucial for both the well-being of healthcare personnel and the quality of care provided to patients. Objective: this study aims to explore the relationship between professional quality of life and job stress among nurses at a medium-complexity hospital in Lima, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational methodology was used, with a non-probabilistic sample of 59 nurses. Data were collected through online questionnaires assessing PQoL and job stress, using validated tools such as the Nursing Stress Scale and the PQoL-35 Questionnaire. Results: the majority of participants (69,5 %) perceive their PQoL as good, highlighting high levels of intrinsic motivation and perceived quality of life. In contrast, workload was the most negatively valued aspect. Job stress was perceived as low overall, and a moderate positive correlation between PQoL and job stress (r = 0,517; p < 0,05) was found, suggesting that better working conditions could improve PQoL. Workload was identified as a significant factor of job stress. Conclusions: despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic, nurses maintain a positive perception of their PQoL, especially in terms of intrinsic motivation and perceived quality of life. However, workload is highlighted as a critical factor of job stressBackground: the COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges in the healthcare field, notably affecting nursing professionals working in critical areas. These challenges have impacted their professional quality of life (PQoL) and increased job stress levels, which are crucial for both the well-being of healthcare personnel and the quality of care provided to patients. Objective: this study aims to explore the relationship between professional quality of life and job stress among nurses at a medium-complexity hospital in Lima, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational methodology was used, with a non-probabilistic sample of 59 nurses. Data were collected through online questionnaires assessing PQoL and job stress, using validated tools such as the Nursing Stress Scale and the PQoL-35 Questionnaire. Results: the majority of participants (69,5 %) perceive their PQoL as good, highlighting high levels of intrinsic motivation and perceived quality of life. In contrast, workload was the most negatively valued aspect. Job stress was perceived as low overall, and a moderate positive correlation between PQoL and job stress (r = 0,517; p < 0,05) was found, suggesting that better working conditions could improve PQoL. Workload was identified as a significant factor of job stress. Conclusions: despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic, nurses maintain a positive perception of their PQoL, especially in terms of intrinsic motivation and perceived quality of life. However, workload is highlighted as a critical factor of job stress
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    Development and validation of a scale for dependence on artificial intelligence in university students
    (2024-03-12)
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez
    ;
    Sandra B. Morales-García
    ;
    Mardel Morales-García  
    Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) has permeated various aspects of daily life, including education, specifically within higher education settings. These AI technologies have transformed pedagogy and learning, enabling a more personalized approach. However, ethical and practical concerns have also emerged, including the potential decline in cognitive skills and student motivation due to excessive reliance on AI. Objective To develop and validate a Scale for Dependence on Artificial Intelligence (DIA). Methods An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying structure of the DIA scale, followed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess and confirm this structure. In addition, the scale’s invariance based on participants’ gender was evaluated. Results A total of 528 university students aged between 18 and 37 years ( M = 20.31, SD = 3.8) participated. The EFA revealed a unifactorial structure for the scale, which was subsequently confirmed by the CFA. Invariance analyses showed that the scale is applicable and consistent for both men and women. Conclusion The DAI scale emerges as a robust and reliable tool for measuring university students’ dependence on AI. Its gender invariance makes it applicable in diverse population studies. In the age of digitalization, it is essential to understand the dynamics between humans and AI to navigate wisely and ensure a beneficial coexistence.
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    Influence of Self-Efficacy in the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Anxiety Toward AI Use on AI Dependence Among Peruvian University Students
    (2025-01-12)
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez
    ;
    Alcides Flores Paredes
    ;
    Jai Pascual-Mariño
    ;
    Mardel Morales-García  
    Background: The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has transformed the way students interact with technological tools, creating new challenges related to self-efficacy, anxiety, and AI dependence. Self-efficacy refers to one's confidence in their ability to use AI, while AI-related anxiety pertains to the fear or concern when interacting with these systems. These variables can influence technological dependence, affecting academic performance and emotional well-being. Objective: This study aims to examine the influence of self-efficacy in AI use and anxiety toward AI on AI dependence among Peruvian university students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 528 Peruvian university students aged 18 to 37 years (M = 19.00, SD = 3.84). Scales were used to measure AI self-efficacy, anxiety toward AI, and AI dependence. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of technological dependence. Results: The results showed that AI self-efficacy was positively correlated with AI anxiety (r = 0.43, p < .01) and AI dependence (r = 0.61, p < .01). Anxiety also significantly correlated with AI dependence (r = 0.71, p < .01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that both AI anxiety (β = 1.131, p < .001) and AI self-efficacy (β = 0.610, p < .001) predicted AI dependence. Additionally, business administration students exhibited greater dependence compared to students from other fields (β = 1.025, p < .05). Conclusions: Students with higher self-efficacy in AI use tend to utilize AI more frequently but also experience greater anxiety and dependence on AI. Educational interventions should focus on reducing AI-related anxiety to prevent excessive dependence, especially among students.
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    Workplace Violence and Emotional Intelligence among Nursing Professionals at a National Hospital in Northern Peru
    (2023-12-31)
    Rocío Huamán Vargas
    ;
    Fabriciana Quijano Remigio
    ;
    Mónica Elisa Meneses-La-Riva
    ;
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    María Teresa Cabanillas-Chávez  
    Introduction: Workplace violence is identified as a growing challenge in the healthcare sector, negatively impacting both nursing professionals and the quality of patient care. In this context, emotional intelligence emerges as a key tool for mitigating the effects of workplace violence, facilitating effective stress management, and enhancing interpersonal relationships in the workplace. Method: The study employed a quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 183 nurses from a National Hospital in Chiclayo, Peru, selected through probabilistic sampling. Two instruments were used: the EVP-health questionnaire to assess workplace violence and the TMMS-24 scale to measure emotional intelligence. Results: Findings indicate that 45,3 % of respondents experienced a high level of workplace violence, while 61,8 % showed a low level of emotional intelligence. Additionally, a negative correlation between workplace violence and emotional intelligence was found, demonstrating that high levels of violence are associated with low levels of emotional intelligence. Conclusions: the study concludes that enhancing emotional intelligence in nurses could be crucial in reducing workplace violence in healthcare settings. The implementation of emotional intelligence training programs for healthcare staff is suggested, not only to improve the work environment but also to enhance the quality of care provided to patients. The research highlights the need to address these aspects to promote a safer and more efficient work environment in the healthcare sector
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    Translation and Validation of a Transformational Leadership Scale in Peruvian Public Servants
    (2024-09-09)
    Josue Pilco-Pezo
    ;
    Maribel Paredes Saavedra  
    ;
    Alcides Flores Paredes
    ;
    Mardel Morales-García  
    Background Transformational leadership has been identified as an essential component for success and innovation within the public sector, especially in the digital age and in the face of global challenges. This form of leadership, which seeks to change and inspire people, has been shown to be crucial for improving organizational performance and the quality of public services. However, the application of these principles in Peru faces specific challenges, and there is a notable lack of empirical research on this phenomenon in the Peruvian public sector, particularly in the evaluation of the tools used for its measurement. Objective This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Global Transformational Leadership (GTL) scale in a sample of Peruvian public servants. Methods An instrumental research design was adopted, using non-probabilistic sampling. The sample included 290 Peruvian public servants (M = 34.61, SD = 9.2), with an analysis that encompassed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability estimates. Results Descriptive analysis results indicated a high tendency to respond positively on the scale. The CFA confirmed the proposed unidimensional structure of the scale, with acceptable fit according to various indices (χ2 = 39.130, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.03), and all factor loadings were significant and greater than 0.50, indicating a strong association with the transformational leadership dimension and exceptionally high internal consistency (α = 0.94). Conclusions The study confirmed that the GTL transformational leadership scale is a psychometrically robust tool and applicable to the Peruvian context. The unidimensional structure and high reliability of the scale suggest that it is suitable for measuring transformational leadership among public servants in Peru.
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    Diabetes and cardiac complications: A narrative review
    (2026-01-01)
    Fiorella Gonzales Ishuiza
    ;
    Juan Manuel Gálvez Torres
    ;
    Tahiz Aspajo Isuiza
    ;
    Peggui Zadith Valqui Delgado
    ;
    Xiomara del Carmen Torres Putpaña
    Objective: to carry out a narrative review on diabetes and cardiac complications, through risk factors, treatment and etiology.Method: an information search was conducted in Scoopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.Data selection: Documents were selected and analyzed through a critical literature review, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: a corpus of 23 articles was analyzed, of which 6 correspond to systematic studies, 6 to literary studies, 3 to narrative studies, 2 to cross-sectional studies, 2 to descriptive studies, 2 to quantitative studies, 2 to multicenter studies.The population studied includes older people, pregnant mothers, young people, the elderly.The studies were carried out in various countries, such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore, the United States, Australia, Ghana-United Arab Emirates, Italy, China, Indonesia and Chile.The diagnoses were characterized by 7 articles that addressed diabetes risk factors, 9 to treatment, 8 to etiology.Regarding socioeconomic level, 2 articles mentioned that they were from low-income countries, 12 articles mentioned that they were from upper-middle countries, 6 articles mentioned that they were medium-high countries, and 3 from countries that do not specify their socioeconomic level.Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes is associated with heart failure in women that worsens with coronary artery disease, directly impacting the myocardium with risk of death.The use of SGLT2 inhibitors represents an important therapeutic advance, since it promotes renal glucose elimination, improves metabolic control and reduces heart failure events.Diabetes causes progressive damage to the cardiovascular system, where endothelial dysfunction plays a central role by promoting inflammation and vascular deterioration.The studies, carried out mostly in middle-and high-income countries, show barriers such as misinformation, failures in prevention and inequality in access to diagnosis.The need to improve education and access to health services is highlighted, especially in low-resource contexts, since this affects patients with DM2, T1D, cardiovascular risk, cardiac complications, heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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    Mpox: Transmission, clinical manifestations, prevention, and treatment – a narrative review
    (2025-02-18)
    Erica Sandoval-Urbano
    ;
    Jhonny E. Pimentel-Betancourt
    ;
    Kelita M. Lozano-Gutierres
    ;
    Mirian Julca-Cano
    ;
    Víctor Álvarez-Manrique  
    Objective:To identify the transmission methods, symptoms, complications, prevention, and treatment associated with Mpox. Design:Literature review based on a narrative synthesis. Data Sources:Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Redalyc, and Scopus. Study Selection:Documents were selected and analyzed through a critical literature review, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:A literature review was conducted with a corpus of 17 articles, including 11 narrative reviews, 2 systematic reviews, and 4 statistical analyses. Mpox is more prevalent among children, adults, pregnant women, and homosexual and bisexual individuals. The regions with the highest outbreak incidence are Asia, South America, Europe, the United States, and especially West and Central Africa, where it is endemic. Clinical conditions associated with Mpox include fever, skin rashes, abdominal pain, and meningitis, and it is strongly linked to HIV. Most reported cases have been among lower-class individuals, with some from the middle class. Conclusions: The Mpox virus is transmitted through various means, primarily contact, bodily fluids, and sexual relations between men. It significantly affects children and pregnant women and presents a range of symptoms, with skin lesions being the most frequent, followed by fever, headaches, oral lesions, and others. If left untreated or inadequately managed, it can lead to severe complications, with HIV-positive individuals and immunocompromised patients at the highest risk. Pneumonia can be fatal in severe cases. Good personal hygiene is recommended, and although there are no approved vaccines for Mpox, Tecovirimat and Brincidofovir show potential for approval in case of future outbreaks.
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    Relationship between academic procrastination and internet addiction in Peruvian university students: the mediating role of academic self-efficacy
    (2025-01-23)
    Dana Rocio Chavez-Yacolca
    ;
    Ruth Beatriz Castro-Champión
    ;
    Nely Marlene Cisneros-Gonzales
    ;
    Denis Frank Cunza-Aranzábal  
    ;
    Mardel Morales-García  
    Introduction This study evaluated the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between internet addiction and academic procrastination among Peruvian university students. Method A cross-sectional explanatory design was employed with a convenience sample of 334 participants. Instruments used included the Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale of Academic Situations (EAPESA), the Lima Internet Addiction Scale (EAIL), and the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS). The reliability and internal structure of each scale were verified, and the EAIL was validated. Descriptive analysis and correlation between variables were conducted, followed by path and mediation analyses. Results Internet addiction significantly negatively affected academic self-efficacy ( β = −0.381, t = −4.52, p < 0.001). Academic self-efficacy negatively impacted academic procrastination ( β = −0.522, t = −7.04, p < 0.001). Internet addiction positively affected academic procrastination ( β = 0.642, t = 5.72, p < 0.001). The total effect of internet addiction on academic procrastination and academic self-efficacy was significant ( β = 0.841, t = 7.17, p < 0.001). Academic self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between internet addiction and academic procrastination, suggesting universities should implement strategies to enhance academic self-efficacy in students.
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    Bacterial meningitis in adults: a narrative review
    (2025-02-18)
    Azucena Armas-Tarrillo
    ;
    Erliz J. Cieza-Cruz
    ;
    Mauricio A. Mancco-Taco
    ;
    Luciana M. Orellana-Hidalgo
    ;
    Alker Vallejos-Estela
    Objective: To identify the etiology, risk factors, treatment, and associated sequelae of bacterial meningitis in adults. Design: A literature review based on a narrative synthesis. Data Sources: Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Redalyc, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scielo. Data Selection: Documents were selected and analyzed through a critical literature review, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 10 articles were analyzed, including 3 statistical analyses, 3 narrative reviews, 2 systematic reviews, and 2 clinical trials. The study populations included various categories: 6 articles focused on adults, 1 on males, 1 on individuals aged 25 to 50 years, and 2 involving animal experiments. Studies were conducted in various countries, including 2 in Africa, 2 in the U.S., 2 in Germany, and 1 each in Northern Ghana, Sweden, South Korea, and Egypt, contributing unique perspectives to the research. The clinical condition was characterized as follows: 3 articles highlighted the most frequent symptoms of bacterial meningitis, 4 focused on sequelae, 2 reported high fatality rates, and 1 examined early intensive care (EIC) and antibiotic recovery. Regarding socioeconomic status, 4 articles reported cases from low-income countries, 1 from high income countries, and 1 from a middle-income country. Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis represents a severe public health threat, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as older adults and those with underlying conditions. Despite the effectiveness of treatments like dexamethasone and antibiotics, the high mortality and morbidity rates emphasize the importance of early and accurate diagnosis.
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    Calidad de vida profesional y estrés laboral en enfermeros de áreas Covid-19
    (2024-03-30)
    Enoc Mamani  
    ;
    Janet Mercedes Arévalo-Ipanaqué  
    ;
    Mónica Elisa Meneses-La-Riva
    ;
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    María Teresa Cabanillas-Chávez  
    Background: La pandemia de Covid-19 ha impuesto retos sin precedentes en el ámbito sanitario, afectando notablemente a los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en áreas críticas. Estos retos han repercutido en su calidad de vida profesional (CVP) y han incrementado los niveles de estrés laboral, aspectos esenciales tanto para el bienestar del personal sanitario como para la calidad del cuidado ofrecido a los pacientes. Objetivo: Este estudio busca explorar la relación entre la calidad de vida profesional y el estrés laboral en enfermeros de un hospital de mediana complejidad en Lima, Perú, durante la pandemia por Covid-19. Métodos: Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, no experimental, transversal y correlacional, con una muestra no probabilística de 59 enfermeros. Los datos se recopilaron mediante cuestionarios en línea que evaluaban la CVP y el estrés laboral, utilizando herramientas validadas como el Nursing Stress Scale y el Cuestionario CVP-35. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes (69,5%) perciben su CVP como buena, destacando altos niveles de motivación intrínseca y calidad de vida percibida. En contraste, la carga de trabajo fue el aspecto más negativamente valorado. El estrés laboral se percibió como bajo en general, y se encontró una correlación positiva moderada entre la CVP y el estrés laboral (r = 0,517; p < 0,05), sugiriendo que mejores condiciones de trabajo podrían mejorar la CVP. La carga de trabajo se identificó como un factor significativo de estrés laboral..
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