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    ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, Two Novel Phospholipases A2 Isolated from Trans-Pecos Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster Venom: Biochemical and Functional Characterization
    (2019-11-14) ;
    Hollanda, Luciana M.
    ;
    Gomes-Heleno, Mauricio
    ;
    ;
    Marangoni, Sergio
    This work reports the purification and biochemical and functional characterization of ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, two phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster venom. Both PLA2s were highly purified by a single chromatographic step on a C18 reverse phase HPLC column. Various peptide sequences from these two toxins showed similarity to those of other PLA2 toxins from viperid snake venoms. ACP-TX-I belongs to the catalytically inactive K49 PLA2 class, while ACP-TX-II is a D49 PLA2, and is enzymatically active. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is monomeric, which results in markedly diminished myotoxic and inflammatory activities when compared with dimeric K49 PLA2s, confirming the hypothesis that dimeric structure contributes heavily to the profound myotoxicity of the most active viperid K49 PLA2s. ACP-TX-II exhibits the main pharmacological actions reported for this protein family, including in vivo local myotoxicity, edema-forming activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is cytotoxic to A549 lung carcinoma cells, indicating that cytotoxicity to these tumor cells does not require enzymatic activity.
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    Factors associated with the use of oral health services in Peruvian children under the age of 12 years
    (2022-10-27)
    Torres‐Mantilla, José Diego
    ;
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the use of oral health services in Peruvian children under 12 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A secondary analysis of 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey was conducted. The sample consisted of 40,751 children. The main variable was the use of dental services (attended/not attended) in the last 6 months, and the independent variables were gender, age, area of residence, wealth quintile, health insurance coverage, information received on oral health care, age, and educational level of the caregivers. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies, differences in proportions, and multivariate analysis using generalized linear models were performed. RESULTS: The dental service utilization prevalence during the last 6 months was 31%. Correlation was found with urban area residents (PRa = 0.945; 95% CI: 0.904-0.988), the Jungle geographical domain (PRa = 0.926; 95% CI: 0.877-0.977), the highest wealth quintile (PRa = 1.323; 95% CI: 1.232-1.421), the higher education level of the caregiver (PRa = 1.375; 95% CI: 1.231-1.536), affiliation with the Public Health Insurance (PRa = 1.112; 95% CI: 1.069-1.158), and the condition of having received information on oral health care (PRa = 2.355; 95% CI: 2.263-2.245) with respect to their baseline variables. CONCLUSIONS: Several socio-demographic factors were correlated with the use of oral health services in Peruvian children under 12 years of age and the percentage of their use was low. Information on oral health care had a more significant impact on both, the population from the highest wealth quintile and the highest educational attainment.
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    Problematic use of the internet as a predictor of oral health-related quality of life: the mediating role of lifestyles in Peruvian schoolchildren
    (2024-08-10)
    Guerra-Pacheco, Mirian M.
    ;
    Ramos-Howell, Adam A.
    ;
    ; ;
    BACKGROUND: The pervasiveness of the Internet in everyday life, especially among young people, has raised concerns about its effects on mental health, education, and, recently, oral health. Previous research has suggested a complex relationship between Problematic Internet Use (PIU), lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life, highlighting the need to examine these interactions further. This study seeks to explore the PIU as a predictor of oral health-related quality of life and examine the mediating role of lifestyles between both in a sample of Peruvian schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 293 Peruvian students aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.42, SD = 1.5), using structural equations to analyze the relationship between PIU, lifestyles, and quality of life related to oral health. The data collection procedure was through a face-to-face survey. Validated instruments measured PIU, lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life. The study's theoretical model was analyzed through structural equation modeling with the MLR estimator. The fit assessment was performed using the comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). RESULTS: They indicated significant correlations between PIU, lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life. A negative influence of PIU on lifestyles (β = -0.30, p < .001) and on oral health-related quality of life (β = -0.35, p < .001) was observed, as well as a positive relationship between PIU and oral health-related quality of life (β = 0.29, p < .001). The mediation of lifestyles was statistically significant, suggesting that they mediate the relationship between PIU and oral health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that PIU can negatively affect adolescents' oral health-related quality of life, mediated by unhealthy lifestyles. It underlines the importance of promoting balanced Internet use and healthy lifestyles among young people to improve their oral well-being.
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    Percepción del ambiente educacional en internos de medicina de Hospitales públicos y Clínicas privadas del Perú: un análisis comparativo
    (2022-12-09)
    Quispe Morales, Daniel
    ;
    ; ;
    Centeno Huacre, Melina Zumacc
    Objetivos: Determinar y comparar la percepción del ambiente educacional de los internos de medicina de hospitales públicos y clínicas privadas del Perú Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio Observacional de corte transversal, mediante el cuestionario PHEEM el cual fue respondido por 101 estudiantes que realizaban su internado en clínicas y hospitales del Perú; el muestreo fue no probabilístico y por conveniencia debido a la facilidad de acceso a dichas sedes. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa SPSS versión 23, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y otro comparativo a través de la prueba de T student tanto en los puntajes globales cómo en cada una de las dimensiones del cuestionario Resultados: La media global de las puntuaciones del ambiente educacional medico fue de 83.16 (DS 25.4) indicando un ambiente más positivo que negativo. Al comparar las medias entre los internos de los hospitales y los de las clínicas, el ambiente fue mejor percibido por los estudiantes que realizaban su internado en las clínicas privadas tanto en puntaje global, como en todas las dimensiones p valor <0.05 indicando diferencia estadísticamente significativa. La dimensión más preocupante fue la enseñanza donde se observó la mayor diferencia entre estos dos sectores. Conclusiones: Existe una percepción negativa en los internos de hospitales comparados a los internos de clínicas. Se deberían realizar estrategias de intervención de mejoría en los internos de hospitales para cada una de las dimensiones del ambiente educacional, en especial en la enseñanza.
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    Dietary practices and nutritional status of children served in a social program for surrogate mothers in Colombia
    BACKGROUND: Dietary practices are acquired in the family context and in turn can affect the health of family members, especially the nutritional status of children. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and feeding practices in children from foster families served by the SOS Children's Villages program in Cartagena, Colombia. METHODS: The study had a cross-sectional design. Through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling, 139 children from 0 to 5 years of age from the SOS Children's Villages Cartagena program were involved. The sociodemographic background of the participants was recorded and the nutritional status of the children was evaluated through anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Dietary practices were measured by means of a standardized questionnaire. Analyses were performed with Poisson regression models with robust variance. These regression models provided prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Among dietary practices, it was observed that most families eat together at home (63.3%), watch television when they eat (55.4%), and have dietary norms (80.6%). Consumption of plant foods was predominantly high, especially vegetables (86.3%), fruits (92.1%), cereals (84.9%), root vegetables, and bananas (93.5%). Consumption < 4 times/week of soft drinks and industrialized juices increases 14.3 times the probability of low weight-for-height in the study population compared to the group that does not consume them. On the other hand, watching television while eating (PR: 2.82, 95%CI 1.32-4.69) and consumption of sweet snacks (PR: 2.24, 95%CI 1.03-4.87) increased the probability of low height-for-age; while having eaten norms at home decreased the probability of low height-for-age in the study population by 50%. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop and implement interventions such as preventive measures and early diagnosis of inappropriate feeding behaviors to ensure adequate nutritional status among children under 5 years of age.
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    Changes in eating habits and lifestyles in Peruvian population during social isolation by the COVID-19 pandemic
    Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused that some governments have implemented house confinement measures with probable consequences on lifestyle, particularly affecting eating habits, physical activity, sleep quality, and mental health. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of lifestyles, physical activity and sleep characteristics, as well as changes in eating habits in the Peruvian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A Cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. We analyzed adults from Peru between July to August 2020 based on an online self-administered questionnaire divided into sociodemographic, anthropometrics and COVID-19 diagnostic reported, lifestyle habits and frequency of consumption of foods. Findings During confinement by COVID-19, 1176 participants were studied, 39% were student, 37.5% were workers and 46% were assert not to work. The population asserted gain weight (1 to 3 Kg) and 35.7% were overweight. The lifestyles habits showed that 54.8% affirmed to doing physical activity and a large proportion (37.2%) asserted sleep less. The Peruvian population presented a main feeding patter of breakfast (95.7%), lunch (97.5%), dinner (89.1%) and brunch (44.9%). Likewise, feeding habits before and during COVID-19 pandemic showed that vegetables (OR:1.56, CI95% 1.21 - 200), fruit (OR: 1.42, CI95% 1.10 – 1.81), legumes (OR:1.67, CI95% 1.23 – 2.28) and eggs (OR: 2.00, CI95% 1.52 – 2.65) presented significantly consumption increase during social isolation, while bakery products (OR: 0.74, CI95% 0.56 – 0.97), meat, snack, refreshment and fast-food decrease consumption. Other food no significant differences were presented. Conclusion This study in a Peruvian population showed an important frequency of overweight and sleep disorders. There was a slight increase in physical activity despite the social isolation measures and an increase in health eating habits, nevertheless a majority reported gaining weight.
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    University dropout intention and its psychological dimensions: the role of academic stress in Peruvian students
    (2026-05-08) ; ;
    Casana Rojas, Daniela G.
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    Terrones Huancas, Darlith A.
    ;
    Anaya Vilca, Andrea A.
    Introduction Academic stress is a key psychological factor that influences student retention in higher education. Sustained stress can deteriorate self-efficacy, vocational decision, and social support networks, increasing the intention to dropout of University. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic stress and the intention to dropout, including its psychological dimensions, among university students from a private university in Lima, Peru. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with a sample of 297 students selected through non-probabilistic sampling. Validated instruments were used to measure academic stress and the intention to dropout, both globally and by dimension (self-efficacy, vocational decision, and functional social support). To measure the relationship between academic stress and academic dropout (and its dimensions) the Spearman correlation was used, for the multivariate analysis negative binomial regression models with robust variance were employed, estimating incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A higher level of academic stress was significantly associated with a higher overall intention to dropout (IRR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1,007–1,013; p < 0.001) and with lower levels of self-efficacy, vocational clarity, and functional social support. Women showed greater vulnerability in support networks (IRR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.23; p = 0.034). Likewise, belonging to the Faculty of Health Sciences was a protective factor against dropout (IRR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80–0.96; p = 0.004). Conclusions Academic stress was identified as a significant predictor of the intention to dropout, as well as its psychological dimensions. The findings underscore the need to implement institutional counseling, resilience training, and gender-differentiated support programs to strengthen student retention.
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    Analysis of adherence to a healthy lifestyle among vegetarian and non-vegetarian Peruvian university students: A cross-sectional survey
    BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that a healthy lifestyle can promote physical and mental well-being in the general population. However, there are few studies that assess the adherence to a healthy lifestyle in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in adherence to a healthy lifestyle between vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students in Peru. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out considering data from 6,846 students selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Peruvian validation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI), was used. In addition, sociodemographic and anthropometric data such as weight and height were collected. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. RESULTS: Semi-vegetarian and vegetarian students had a high healthy lifestyle score compared to non-vegetarians. In addition, vegetarian diets showed a significantly higher proportion among students with a lower BMI (normal and underweight). Students with excess body weight (overweight and obesity) were less likely to report healthy lifestyle. In the overall population analyzed, it was observed that the levels of health and lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise and sunlight exposure, were mostly moderate and low. Additionally, sweets intake was high, while healthy food consumption such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains was low. CONCLUSION: The current findings show that although vegetarians had better adherence to a healthy lifestyle, interventions in the university setting are needed to improve healthy lifestyle in university students.
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