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    Sorption isotherms and physical properties of three quinoa varieties grown at two altitudes
    (2025-01-01)
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    Roenfi Saire Guerra Lima
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    Wenceslao Medina Espinoza
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    Abstract Quinoa seeds grown in the high Andean regions are susceptible to adulteration with seeds grown in other regions due to the increasing global demand. Therefore, characterising quinoa will help to develop a process for certifying origin. The aim was to determine the physical properties, sorption isotherms, and microstructural characteristics of three quinoa varieties grown at 2600 m and 3818 m above sea level. Samples were taken at both altitudes and their shape, size, colour, density, and adsorption isotherms were determined using the standard static gravimetric method. The results were fitted to six models and their microstructure was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The size varies from 1.30 – 1.83 mm, the density is 966 - 1097 kg/m3. The isothermal curves show a type II behaviour according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller classification, the water in the monolayer ranges between 0.038 and 0.047 g H2O/g d.b. The water uptake was higher in seeds grown at 2600 m above sea level than at 3818 m. The starches have spherical and oval shapes with 25 μm and 30 μm diameter, respectively. The study demonstrated the feasibility of establishing physical differentiation criteria for altitude-adapted varieties to determine storage conditions, quality control, traceability, and denomination of origin.
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    ANÁLISIS CUANTITATIVO DE METANO A PARTIR DE VÍSCERAS DE TRUCHA (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) SOMETIDAS A DIGESTIÓN ANAEROBIA
    (2025-01-01)
    Roenfi Guerra
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    Eduardo Juan Manzaneda Cabala
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    Edwin Federico Orna Rivas
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    Elvira Anani Durand Goyzueta
    El presente estudio evaluó el potencial de las vísceras de trucha como sustrato para la producción de biogás mediante digestión anaerobia, con el fin de aprovechar un residuo de alta carga orgánica generado por la industria acuícola de la región de Puno, Perú. Este trabajo se desarrolló bajo un enfoque experimental tipo batch, con seguimiento diario de la producción acumulada de biogás durante quince días, utilizando seis reactores distribuidos en dos condiciones térmicas: 35W y 50W. El sustrato se mezcló con lodo anaerobio activo en proporción 3:1 (materia orgánica:inóculo) y se mantuvieron condiciones mesofílicas controladas. Las variables principales analizadas fueron el volumen acumulado de biogás (mL) y el porcentaje volumétrico de metano (CH₄). Los resultados evidenciaron una rápida fase de adaptación microbiana durante los primeros días, seguida de una etapa de producción activa hasta el día 5, momento en el cual ambos tratamientos alcanzaron la estabilización del sistema. El volumen total de biogás producido a 50W fue de 176 mL, superando en 17 % al obtenido a 35W (150 mL), mientras que la composición promedio del gas presentó un contenido de metano entre 63 y 65 %. En términos ambientales, la transformación de estos residuos piscícolas en biogás contribuye a la reducción de desechos orgánicos y emisiones de gases contaminantes, promoviendo la generación de energía renovable en zonas altoandinas. En conclusión, las vísceras de trucha representan un recurso bioenergético viable, y su aprovechamiento mediante digestión anaerobia se proyecta como una alternativa sostenible y de alto impacto para la gestión ambiental y el desarrollo energético en la región de Puno.
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    Physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of puffed quinoa
    (2019-07-15)
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    Johannes de Bruijn
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    Leslie Vidal
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    Pedro Melín
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    María Eugenia González
    Summary Puffed quinoa can be used as ready‐to‐eat breakfast food or as an ingredient in snack formulations. In this study, puffed quinoa products with and without starch–chitosan coating were developed by gun, extrusion and microwave puffing at different process conditions (pressure, power, moisture content and energy consumption). Size, bulk density, colour, expansion index, water absorption and solubility, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of organic matter and proteins of popped quinoa were assessed. Optimal process conditions for gun puffing were maximum 1.31 MP a after 780 s, 500 r.p.m. and 180 s for extrusion puffing and 1200 W for 60 s applying microwave puffing at 18–20% moisture contents. Gun and extrusion puffing yielded high‐quality popped quinoa with a biological availability of organic matter between 84–88% and 79–90% for proteins. Extrusion and gun puffing are the most promising processes to prepare quinoa snacks.
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    Estudio de las propiedades físicas, químicas y nutricionales de insuflados de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Roja Inia.
    (2019-01-01)
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    Tesis para optar al grado de Magister en Ingenieria Agricola con mencion en Agroindustrias.
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    EFFECT OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF "ROMERO" ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AND "PEREJIL" PETROSELINUM CRISPUM ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF "ALPACA" HAMBURGER VICUGNA PACOS WITH MACHINE LEARNING
    (2023-06-30)
    Denis Dante
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    Denis Dante Corilla Flores
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    Tania Jakeline
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    Choque Rivera
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    Franklin Oré Areche
    The meat industry produces raw materials with healthy ingredients by modifying the diet and formulating meat products based on meat from other species. The objective of this research was to formulate a hamburger using alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) in concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%. For this, the essential oils were extracted, for each essential oil a yield was obtained, where 0.734% for the essential oil of rosemary and 0.634%, for the essential oil of parsley. Microbiological analyzes were carried out on the hamburgers to determine Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus for seven days. Sensory attributes (color, smell, taste, and texture) were characterized by 30 untrained panelists (university students). After 7 days of follow-up, the hamburgers did not present the presence of microbiological parameters. Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed for concentrations and attributes. However, 0.5% parsley essential oil had higher odor, flavor, and texture scores compared to rosemary. It was concluded that our applied methodology allows to improve the useful life of the product, the antimicrobial effect and the acceptability, guaranteeing a good quality and nutritious product. Deep learning is one kind of machine learning with the overarching goal of making it easier to organize and use human knowledge across many domains, at scale. The field of microbiology benefits greatly from the application of mathematical principles to the maximization of variation functions. Multiple data types are used.
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    Exploring the Future of Extrusion with Andean Grains: Macromolecular Changes, Innovations, Future Trends and Food Security
    (2025-01-18)
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    Julio Vidaurre-Ruiz
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    Laura Linares-García
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    Ritva Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia
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    Physicochemical characterization of andean papaya in southern Peru
    (2024-05-02)
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    Winy del Pilar Valdez Baca
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    Ricardo Nahuel Valenzuela Antezana
    The Andean papaya (Carica pubescens) is an underexplored fruit with significant agro-industrial potential due to its unique characteristics and non-seasonal production. This study aimed to characterize Andean papaya produced by the “Asociación de Productores de Papaya Andina Orgánica de la Provincia de Sandia” (ASPPAO) in Peru. Random samples were analyzed one-day post-harvest to assess weight distribution, physicochemical properties, and color. Results indicated an average fruit weight of 192.26 ± 19.86 g, with a distribution of 56.62% mesocarp, 26.73% endocarp (including 5.61% seeds and 21.12% mucilage), and 16.65% peel. The endocarp, which is the most used part for processing, had a favorable proportion and high value compared to other fruits. The fruit had an average width of 93.18 ± 9.36 mm, height of 69.61 ± 9.55 mm, and volume of 220.50 ± 35.39 cm³, showing variation due to size differences between fruits. Each fruit contained an average of 150.10 ± 19.93 seeds, with a texture of 9.52 ± 2.28 kg/cm², a mesocarp thickness of 11.57 ± 1.30 mm, and a pH of 4.75 ± 0.71. The color analysis revealed that the peel was yellow, the pulp slightly yellow, the mucilage values close to white, and the seeds light brown. The fruit had a low total solids content and titratable acidity expressed in vitamin C with a maturity index of 14.37 ± 3.29. Additionally, chemical differences were observed between the pulp and mucilage, with the latter having higher values of total solids and titratable acidity and slightly more acidic pH values. Further studies are necessary to investigate the chemical content of this product and its potential health effects.
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    Emerging Opportunities for Expanded Cereals and Andean Grains for the Development of Innovative Foods
    (2025-10-14)
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    Julio Vidaurre‐Ruiz
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    José Martín Ramos-Díaz
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    Ritva Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia
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    8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment &amp; Prevention 19-22 July 2015, Vancouver, Canada
    (2015-07-01)
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    Pohlmeyer, C
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    Walker-Sperling, V
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    Foote, J
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    Najarro, K
    Author(s): Pate, Kelly Metcalf; Pohlmeyer, Chris; Walker‐Sperling, Victoria; Foote, Jeremy; Najarro, Kevin; Cryer, Catherine; Salgado, Maria; Gama, Lucio; Engle, Elizabeth; Shirk, Erin; Queen, Suzanne; Chioma, Stanley; Vermillion, Meghan; Bullock, Brandon; Li, Ming; Lyons, Claire; Adams, Robert; Zink, Chris; Clements, Janice; Mankowski, Joseph; Blankson, Joel; Micci, Luca; Ryan, Emily; Fromentin, Rémi; Benne, Clarisse; Chomont, Nicolas; Lifson, Jeffrey; Paiardini, Mirko; Lee, Sulggi; Chomont, Nicolas; Fromentin, Remi; Silicano, Robert; Silicano, Janet; Richman, Douglas; O'Doherty, Una; Palmer, Sarah; Burbelo, Peter; Deeks, Steven; Ghneim, Khader; Ahlers, Jeff; Fourati, Slim; Shive, Carey; Cameron, Mark; Mukerjee, Pranab; Ghannoum, Mahmoud; Rodriguez, Benigno; Deeks, Steven; Lederman, Michael; Sekaly, Rafick; Frange, Pierre; Faye, Albert; Avettand‐Fenoel, Veronique; Bellaton, Erainna; Deschamps, Diane; Angin, Mathieu; Caillat‐Zucman, Sophie; Peytavin, Gilles; Le Chenadec, Jerome; Warszawski, Josiane; Rouzioux, Christine; Saez‐Cirion, Asier; Cohort, ANRS Epf‐Co10 Pediatric; Chang, Christina; Cameron, Paul; Elliott, Julian; Perelson, Alan; Roche, Michael; Dantanarayana, Ashanti; Solomon, Ajantha; Naranbhai, Vivek; Tenakoon, Surekha; Hoh, Rebecca; McMahon, James; Sikaris, Ken; Hartogensis, Wendy; Bacchetti, Peter; Hecht, Frederick; Lifson, Jeffrey; Deeks, Steve; Lewin, Sharon; Byrareddy, Siddappa; Arthos, James; Cicala, Claudia; Reimann, Keith; Parslow, Tristram