Morales García, Wilter Charming

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Morales García, Wilter Charming
Correo electrónico
wiltermorales@upeu.edu.pe
ORCID

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  • Publicacion
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    Association Between Healthy Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Risk in Higher Education Students in a Region of Peru: A Cross-Sectional Survey
    (2025-12-17)
    Saulo Salinas Arias  
    ;
    Wildoro Ramírez Ramírez
    ;
    Eliseo Alava Peña
    ;
    L Ruiz
    ;
    Norma L. Alejandría Lozano
    Background: Cardiometabolic diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide and are strongly influenced by lifestyle factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between a healthy lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk in higher education students in the San Martín region, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling was conducted among 1054 students from higher education institutions in the San Martín region, Peru. The Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Scale (DEVS) was applied, and anthropometric indicators (BMI and waist circumference) were assessed by trained nutritionists. Descriptive statistics, association tests (chi-square and Wilcoxon), and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used. Results: Obesity was significantly associated with higher vitamin B12 intake (PR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.16–4.91) and with higher water consumption (>8 glasses/day) (PR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.20–5.66), although these findings may reflect reverse causality given the cross-sectional nature of the data. Greater whole grain consumption was associated with a lower risk of elevated waist circumference (PR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.40–0.91). Similarly, engaging in ≥30 min of daily physical activity was significantly associated with reduced central adiposity (PR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56–0.86). Conclusions: The findings suggest that whole grain consumption and regular physical activity act as protective factors, whereas certain dietary patterns—despite being considered healthy—may be associated with higher cardiometabolic risk depending on the dietary context.
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    Propiedades psicométricas de la “Escala rasgo de metaconocimiento de los estados emocionales” para medir inteligencia emocional en estudiantes peruanos
    (2022-09-09)
    Percy Ruiz
    ;
    Denis Frank Cunza-Aranzábal  
    ;
    Michaël White
    ;
    Dámaris Quinteros Zúñiga  
    ;
    Jania Jaimes-Soncco
    El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la “Escala rasgo de metaconocimiento de los estados emocionales” (TMMS-24) para medir la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes peruanos. Participaron un total de 699 estudiantes peruanos. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) con 210 estudiantes y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) con 489 estudiantes. Se utilizó la versión en español de la escala TMMS-24. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los ítems. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) se realizó con el método de estimación de mínimos cuadrados no ponderados con rotación oblicua promin y el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) se realizó mediante el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. La consistencia interna se estimó con el coeficiente a ordinal. El AFE produjo una estructura de tres factores y las correlaciones entre los factores fueron altas (entre 0,530 y 0,689). Con el AFC se observan índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados (χ2= 385,868; TLI= 0,963; CFI= 0,967; RMSEA= 0,034; SRMR= 0,041). El coeficiente α-ordinal muestra una consistencia interna adecuada (α= 0,93). El TMMS-24 presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas para medir la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes peruanos.
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    Validation and invariance of an Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ-P) in Peruvian Nurses
    (2024-03-10)
    Irma Chalco-Ccapa Irma Chalco-Ccapa  
    ;
    Gaby Torres-Mamani
    ;
    Mardel Morales-García  
    ;
    Alcides A Flores-Saenz  
    ;
    Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez
    Background: performance evaluation is essential to ensure quality healthcare services, especially in the field of nursing. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the factorial structure, reliability, and invariance by sex and age of the work performance scale in Peruvian nurses. Methods: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the internal structure of the scale, and psychometric properties including reliability and convergent validity were determined. Additionally, factorial invariance was evaluated according to participants' sex and age. Results: the CFA supported the structure of three factors (Task Performance, Counterproductive Behaviors, Contextual Performance) and showed adequate and stable psychometric properties for a 12-item version (: χ2 = 231,09, df = 78; CFI = 0,97, TLI = 0,96, RMSEA = 0,06 (90 % CI: 0,05-0,06), and SRMR = 0,03). Strict factorial invariance was demonstrated for both sex and age, and adequate internal consistency was found for each dimension, as well as convergent validity. Conclusions: the work performance scale, in its 12-item version (IWPQ-P), is a valid and reliable measure for evaluating work performance in Peruvian nurses. Its factorial invariance by sex and age makes it a useful tool for future research and practical applications in nursing performance evaluation
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    Psychometric evaluation and invariance of the Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener (BFS-E) in university students
    (2023-03-27)
    Jacksaint Saintila  
    ;
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla  
    ;
    Percy G. Ruiz Mamani
    ;
    Salomón Huancahuire‐Vega  
    Introduction: University students constantly face a number of health challenges related to an unhealthy diet, characterized by a high intake of saturated fats. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener (BFS-E) food frequency questionnaire in a university population. Methods: An observational analytical study of instrumental type was carried out in 5608 Peruvian university students. Based on the Block Fat Screener questionnaire, a back-translation and cultural adaptation process was carried out. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), hypothesizing a unidimensional structure. For the determination of reliability, the alpha coefficients were considered; likewise, the ω and H coefficients were used to evaluate the construct. The model explained 63% of the cumulative variance. Results: The CFA confirmed the unidimensionality of the 16-item questionnaire with appropriate goodness-of-fit indicators; therefore, which model of the Peruvian version adequately fits the observed data. The values of the reliability coefficients were higher than 0.90, with ordinal α = 0.94, ω = 0.94, and H = 0.95. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener food frequency questionnaire presents adequate psychometric properties and is therefore a valid scale to quickly measure fat intake in university students in a Latin American context.
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    Psychometric properties of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) in adolescents in Peru
    (2025-07-02)
    Joel Figueroa-Quiñones
    ;
    Julio Cjuno
    ;
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    Saulo Salinas Arias  
    Abstract To evaluate the structural validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in Peruvian adolescents. 1274 adolescents of both sexes, between 12 and 17 years old, residing in the cities of the coast (Chimbote), mountains (Cajamarca), and jungle (Tarapoto) of Peru were evaluated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and the measurement invariance according to age, region, and sex was evaluated using MIMIC (Multiple Indicator, Multiple Cause) models. Reliability was estimated through the Omega coefficient. A two-factor, 10-item model was obtained with optimal goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.986; SRMR = 0.04; RMSEA = 0.08). MIMIC models reported invariance for age groups, sex, and region (ΔCFI < 0.01, ΔRMSEA < 0.01). Reliability was optimal (>0.79). Conclusion: The Peruvian version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (10 items) has shown adequate psychometric properties for use in the adolescent population.
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    Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of an Attitude toward Artificial Intelligence Scale (AIAS-4) among Peruvian Nurses
    (2024-05-23)
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    ;
    Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez
    ;
    Sandra B. Morales-García
    ;
    Mardel Morales-García  
    BACKGROUND: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of daily life has sparked growing interest in understanding public attitudes toward this technology. Despite advancements in tools to assess these perceptions, there remains a need for culturally adapted instruments, particularly in specific contexts like that of Peruvian nurses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the AIAS-4 in a sample of Peruvian nurses. METHODS: An instrumental design was employed, recruiting 200 Peruvian nurses. The Attitude toward Artificial Intelligence in Spanish (AIAS-S), a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the AIAS-4, involved data analysis using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and invariance tests. RESULTS: = 0.522, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00, SRMR = 0.00). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.94, ω = 0.91). Tests of invariance from configural to strict confirmed that the scale is stable across different demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The AIAS-S proved to be a psychometrically solid tool for assessing attitudes toward AI in the context of Peruvian nurses, providing evidence of validity, reliability, and gender invariance. This study highlights the importance of having culturally adapted instruments to explore attitudes toward emerging technologies in specific groups.
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    Translation and Validation of a Team Viability Scale for Peruvian Workers
    (2025-02-25)
    Josue Pilco-Pezo
    ;
    Maribel Paredes Saavedra  
    ;
    Mardel Morales-García  
    ;
    Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez
    ;
    Oriana Rivera‐Lozada
    Background: Team viability, understood as the ability to adapt and collaborate effectively over time, is a key concept in organizational literature. In Peru, where changes are constant, culturally adapted tools are needed for its measurement. Objective: To translate and validate a team viability scale for Peruvian workers. Methods: An instrumental design was used with 290 public sector employees (M = 34.61; SD = 9.2). The translation followed a cultural adaptation process, and validity was assessed through descriptive, correlational, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure with excellent fit indices (CFI and TLI > 0.99, RMSEA and SRMR < 0.01). The scale showed high invariance across gender and good internal consistency (α = 0.90). Conclusions: The validated scale is a reliable tool for measuring team viability in Peru. Its implementation can enhance human resource management and improve collaboration in the public sector.
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    Relación entre calidad del sueño, hábitos alimentarios y perfil antropométrico en adolescentes: Una en-cuesta transversal (Relationship between sleep quality, eating habits, and anthropometric profile in adolescents: A cross-sectional survey)
    (2023-02-25)
    Jocabed J. López Malque  
    ;
    Bertha Chanducas Lozano
    ;
    Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla  
    ;
    Sergio E. Calizaya-Milla
    ;
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    La obesidad representa un importante factor de riesgo para diversas enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) en los adolescentes y la población general. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre la calidad de sueño, hábitos alimentarios y perfil antropométrico en adolescentes peruanos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal. Un total de 240 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre 12 a 17 años participaron en el estudio. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y un instrumento basado en el cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de Estados Unidos (NIH, por sus siglas en inglés), versión española. Se determinaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la índice cintura estatura (ICE). Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrado y Rho de Spearman (Rho). La calidad del sueño se asoció significativamente y de manera indirecta con los hábitos alimentarios (rho=-0,262; p=<0,001). Del mismo modo, se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa e indirecta entre la calidad de sueño y el IMC de los participantes (rho=-0,174; p=0,007). También, la calidad de sueño estuvo correlacionado positivamente con el ICE (rho=0,170; p=0,018). Por otro lado, se observó que los hábitos alimentarios están correlacionados de manera indirecta con el IMC y la ICE (rho=-0,959; p=0,003) y (rho=-0,215; p=0,002, respectivamente. La proporción de hombres que presentaron calidad de sueño inadecuada, hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y exceso de peso fue superior en comparación a las mujeres. Es importante la implementación de programas de intervención de estilo de vida saludables para mejorar la calidad del sueño, hábitos alimentarios y prevenir la obesidad general y abdominal, las cuales son factores de riesgo para las ENT. Palabra clave: Adolescente, IMC, índice cintura estatura, Sueño, Hábitos alimentarios, Perú Abstract. Obesity represents an important risk factor for various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adolescents and the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep quality, dietary habits and anthropometric profile in Peruvian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 240 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years participated in the study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) and an instrument based on the Spanish version of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Eating Habits questionnaire were used. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) were determined. Chi-square and Spearman's Rho (Rho) statistical tests were used. Sleep quality was significantly and indirectly associated with eating habits (rho=-0.262; p=<0.001). Similarly, a statistically significant and indirect correlation was found between sleep quality and BMI of the participants (rho=-0.174; p=0.007). Also, sleep quality was positively correlated with WHtR (rho=0.170; p=0.018). On the other hand, it was observed that eating habits are indirectly correlated with BMI and ECI (rho=-0.959; p=0.003) and (rho=-0.215; p=0.002, respectively. The proportion of men who presented inadequate sleep quality, inadequate eating habits and excess weight was higher compared to women. It is important to implement healthy lifestyle intervention programs to improve sleep quality, eating habits, and prevent general and abdominal obesity, which are risk factors for NCDs. Keywords: Adolescent, BMI, WHtR, Sleep, Feeding Behavior, Peru
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    Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in a Peruvian sample
    (2024-09-27)
    Katlin T González-López
    ;
    Sheyra N Vásquez-Chingay
    ;
    Raquel A Rodrigo-Tintaya
    ;
    Flor Leiva Colos
    ;
    Wilter C. Morales-García  
    BACKGROUND: The stress experienced by parents in fulfilling their parental role has consequences for couple dynamics, parent-child interactions, and the mental health of parents. However, studies on the psychometric properties of the PSI-SF, particularly among Latin American parents, are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). METHODS: The participants were Peruvian mothers and fathers with children in early childhood and primary education, with a mean age of 34.4 years (SD = 6.8). The sample was obtained in two phases: 130 participants for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and 791 participants for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). RESULTS: The study results show a modified three-factor structure of the PSI-SF scale, with adequate fit indices (GFI = .99, AGFI = .99, SRMR = .024, CFI = .98, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .074) and loadings above 0.40. Additionally, the three factors of the scale demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega values for Parental Distress (α = .94; ω = .95), Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (α = .97; ω = .97), and Difficult Child (α = .94; ω = .94). The scale was also found to be invariant with respect to gender. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study results suggest that the modified PSI-SF has adequate psychometric properties and is invariant for assessing parental stress in Peruvian fathers and mothers with children in early childhood and primary education.
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