Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman

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Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman
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  • Publicacion
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    Influencia de autoconcepto en los estilos de vida de estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad privada del Este de Lima
    (2021-10-20)
    Bejarano Cajachagua, Cesia Mayela  
    ;
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    ;
    Davila Villavicencio, Roussel Dulio  
    La formación académica de los profesionales de ciencias de la salud lleva implícito el desarrollo armonioso e integral como ser humano, considerando, entre otros elementos, el autoconcepto y los estilos de vida a fin de que se constituya en un agente proactivo de cambio en el lugar donde se desempeñe. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la influencia del autoconcepto sobre los estilos de vida en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima Este. Su diseño es no experimental de tipo cuantitativo con enfoque explicativo-causal y transversal. El método de muestreo utilizado fue el no probabilístico. Participaron 135 estudiantes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la universidad. Para el logro de los objetivos, se aplicó el cuestionario de estilos de vida (PEPS-I), para la variable autoconcepto el test AF-5. En el análisis descriptivo, el promedio del perfil de estilos de vida corresponde a la dimensión autoactualización (43.2), seguido de la dimensión responsabilidad en la salud (26.1) y la dimensión ejercicio con el promedio más bajo (12.4). En el análisis de la variable autoconcepto, el autoconcepto social obtuvo mayor promedio (43.2) y el autoconcepto físico presentó menor promedio (28.2). Una vez concluido el estudio, se pudo afirmar que el autoconcepto influye significativamente sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes (β = .80; p < .05); es decir que el autoconcepto logró explicar el 80 % del perfil de estilo de vida que llevaban los estudiantes. https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2022.39.1.17
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    Funcionamiento familiar y adicción a internet en estudiantes de una institución educativa pública de Lima Norte
    (2016-02-10)
    Adriano Rengifo, Cristian Edwin  
    ;
    Mamani Ferrúa, Luis
    ;
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre funcionamiento familiar y adicción a internet de los alumnos adolescentes de una institución educativa pública de Lima Norte. Material y métodos: Se utilizó el diseño no experimentalde corte transversal y de tipo correlacional. Asimismo, se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional,incluyendo alumnos de ambos sexos con edades entre 12 y 20 años. Resultados: El 44% de los adolescentespresenta un funcionamiento familiar de rango medio y solo un 21.7% tiene un funcionamiento extremo. Asimismo, el 86% de los participantes evidencia un uso normal de internet, el 13% se encuentran en riesgo de adicción ysolamente cerca del 1% presenta uso adictivo de internet. Además, no se encontró relación significativa entre las variables de estudios (Chi = 4,079; p>,395), a excepción de cohesión familiar (r= -.223, p<0.01) Conclusiones:El funcionamiento familiar no se relaciona significativamente con la adicción a internet. Sin embargo, se encontró relación negativa con cohesión familiar, es decir, cuanto mayor es la cohesión familiar menor es el riesgo de adicción a internet.
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    Cross-Cultural Validation of a New Version in Spanish of Four Items of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) in Twelve Latin American Countries
    (2021-11-16)
    Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás
    ;
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    ;
    Valencia, Pablo D.
    ;
    Carbajal‐León, Carlos
    ;
    Vivanco-Vidal, Andrea
    The invariance of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) was evaluated in 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5183 people from the aforementioned countries participated, selected using the snowball sampling method. Measurement invariance was assessed by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment (CFA-MIAL). In addition, item characteristics were assessed based on Item Response Theory. The results indicate that the original five-item version of the PCIBS is not adequate; whereas a four-item version of the PCIBS (PCIBS-4) showed a good fit in all countries. Thus, using the MG-CFA method, the PCIBS-4 achieved metric invariance, while the CFA-MIAL method indicated that the PCIBS-4 shows metric and scalar invariance. Likewise, the four items present increasing difficulties and high values in the discrimination parameters. The comparison of means of the PCIBS-4 reported irrelevant differences between countries; however, Mexico and Peru presented the highest frequency of preventive behaviors related to COVID-19. It is concluded that the PCIBS-4 is a unidimensional self-report measure which is reliable and invariant across the twelve participating Latin American countries. It is expected that the findings will be of interest to social and health scientists, as well as those professionals directly involved in public health decision making.
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    Impact of the fear of catching COVID-19 on mental health in undergraduate students: A Predictive Model for anxiety, depression, and insomnia
    (2022-01-13)
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    ;
    Chávez, Blanca V.
    ;
    Fernandez Quispe, Yoselin Shara  
    ;
    Caycho‐Rodríguez, Tomás
    ;
    White, Michael
    Most studies only describe mental health indicators (anxiety, depression, insomnia, and stress) and the risk factors associated with these indicators during the pandemic (sex, student status, and specific physical symptoms). However, no explanatory studies have been found that assess the impact of variables associated with COVID-19. Against this background, the objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the fear of catching COVID-19 on the level of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in 947 university students of both sexes (41.6% males and 58.4% females) between the ages of 18 and 35 (M = 21.6; SD = 3.4). The Fear of catching COVID-19 Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to measure the variables. The results of the study show that the fear of catching COVID-19 significantly influences the level of anxiety (β = .52; p < .01), insomnia (β = .44; p<.01), and depression (β = .50; p < .01) experienced by university students (χ2 = 2075.93; df = 371; p = .000; RMSEA = .070 [CI 90% .067-.073]; SRMR = .055; CFI = .95; TLI = .94). The descriptive results show that a notable percentage of university students present significant symptoms of anxiety (23%), depression (24%), and insomnia (32.9%). It is concluded that the fear of catching COVID-19 is a serious health problem since it influences the appearance of anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms.
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    Psychometric performance of the ultra-short version of the post-traumatic growth inventory in Peruvian adults during the Post-Pandemic: Analysis from Item Response Theory and SEM models
    (2025-12-20)
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    ;
    Huerta Estrada, Samy Luana
    ;
    Barbaran Alvarado, Rose Wytske
    ;
    Travezaño Cabrera, Aaron Italo  
    ;
    Quiroz Becerra, Julisa Margot  
    Objective: This study aimed to study the psychometric functioning of the ultra-short version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory through the Item Response Theory (IRT) and evaluate the Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Method: 404 Peruvian adults of both sexes (65.8% women and 34.2% men) between 18 and 58 years (M = 24.3, SD = 7.9) participated. The Brief Resilient Coping Scale and the General Well-being Index (WHO-5) were also applied. Results: All the items present adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. Also, it was found that item 1 presents DIF between the group of men and women. On the other hand, it was found that resilience significantly predicts posttraumatic growth (.50; p < .01) and, in turn, posttraumatic growth significantly predicts psychological well-being (.40; p < .01). Conclusions: The ultra-short version shows adequate psychometric functioning and is, therefore, a helpful tool that allows obtaining valid and reliable interpretations of posttraumatic growth.
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    The Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of the Peruvian Police and Armed Forces
    (2021-04-15)
    Caycho‐Rodríguez, Tomás
    ;
    Barboza-Palomino, Miguel
    ;
    Carbajal‐León, Carlos
    ;
    Heredia-Mongrut, José
    ;
    Gallegos, Miguel
    The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health of the general population. However, little attention has been given to the mental health of a group considered an essential category, police officers and the members of the armed forces. This study examined the mental health of 204 members of the armed forces and the police department assigned to monitor the public roads to enforce the measures adopted by the Peruvian government. The instruments used in the study included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Revised Mental Health Inventory-5. The results indicate that (during the last month), the majority of the participants felt nervous and edgy (81.8%), and hopeless or sad (68.2%). According to the participants, the feelings of hopelessness and discouragement were significantly affecting their ability to rebound (84.3%). Participants had mixed feelings in regards of the fear generated by COVID-19, 42.6% reported extreme anxiety or panic, 40.6% were uncomfortable to think about COVID-19, and 42.6% were afraid of losing their lives due to the illness. The fear of COVID-19 predicted 19.7% (Adjusted R2 = 0.197; F = 21.32; p = .000) of the participants’ mental health well-being. In summary, the results suggest the presence of important psychological stressors related to COVID-19 that could potentially led to the development of mental health disorders among the Peruvian police and armed forces.
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    COVID-19 contagion concern scale (PRE-COVID-19): Validation in Cuban patients with type 2 diabetes
    (2023-12-31)
    Hernández-García, Frank
    ;
    Caycho‐Rodríguez, Tomás
    ;
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    ;
    Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique
    ;
    Pérez, Antonio Pupo
    2.1. Participants and procedure The participants were patients with DM from nine primary health care areas corresponding to four Cuban provinces belonging to different regions of the country (Pinar del Río, Havana, Ciego de Ávila and Santiago de Cuba), selected by means of non-probabilistic sampling. The inclusion criteria included: 1) having type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the criteria of the World Health Organization 2) being ≥18 years of age 3) being attended in the previously mentioned health areas where their clinical histories were located and 4) being willing to participate in the research study and answer the survey after signing the informed consent form. Patients with severe mental illness or cognitive deficits (dementia, psychosis or mental disabilities) or any other apparent condition that compromised their ability to understand and complete the questionnaire were not included in the study. The sample size was calculated with the Soper software [29], which indicated a number of 200 participants. For this we considered the number of observed variables (6 items), latent variables of the model to be evaluated (concern for COVID-19 contagion), the anticipated effect size (λ = 0.3), the probability (α = 0.05) and the statistical power (1 - β = 0.95). Finally, 219 people with type 2 DM were surveyed. The application of the survey was carried out between the months of January and April 2021, while the patients attended consultation or in their own homes by the researchers trained for the task and complying with strict COVID-19 prevention protocols. The Cuban panorama in the fight against COVID-19 during the period of data collection was not favorable, as the country was in a phase of resurgence characterized by high numbers of people infected with the virus, much higher compared to the diagnoses at a similar point during the first stage of the disease, in 2020. Although government health measures were strengthened to contain the pandemic, the population's perception of risk was on the rise. During those dates, more than 64,414 positive diagnoses and 384 deaths were reported. Participation in the study was voluntary and no financial compensation was provided. All participants signed informed consent and were allowed to withdraw at any time from the study without having to justify their decision. In addition, the data were guaranteed to be confidential and anonymous. The study received approval from the ethics committee of the Universidad Privada del Norte in Peru (registration number: 20213002). The majority of the participants were women (66.2%) with a mean age of 58.5 years old (SD = 18.2). Thirty-two point nine percent had higher education. Of the total participants, 37.9% were retired and 32% were state workers; while 43.4 had more than 10 years with the disease. The majority (68.9%) had no associated chronic complications and were receiving treatment for diabetes (98.2%). More details of the sociodemographic variables can be seen in Table 1. Table 1. Characteristics of the participants (n = 219). Characteristic n (%) Age 58.5 (18.2)a Sex Female 145 (66.2) Male 74 (33.8) Level of education University 72 (32.9) Pre-university 63 (28.8) Mid-level technical 39 (17.8) Secondary 25 (11.4) Primary 17 (7.8) No schooling 3 (1.4) Occupation Retired/pensioned 83 (37.9) State employee 70 (32.0) Self-employed 37 (17.0) Housewife 17 (7.8) Student 10 (4.6) Unemployed 2 (0.9) Time of evolution of diabetes (years) Less than 5 52 (23.7) From 5 to 10 72 (32.9) More than 10 95 (43.4) Associated chronic complications b None 151 (68.9) Diabetic foot 31 (14.2) Polyneuropathy 20 (9.1) Retinopathy 15 (6.8) Nephropathy 7 (3.2) Other 2 (0.9) Treatment of diabetes Yes 215 (98.2) No 4 (1.8) Comorbidities Yes 141 (64.4) No 78 (35.6) Family member or friend infected by COVID-19 Yes 110 (50.2) No 109 (49.8) Family member or friend deceased due to COVID-19 No 210 (95.9) Yes 9 (4.1) a: mean and standard deviation; b: a patient may have more than one complication. 2.2. Instruments Scale of Worry for Contagion of COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19). The scale is comprised of 6 items that assess concern about becoming infected with COVID-19 and its impact on people's daily functioning, specifically on their mood and their ability to perform their daily activities. Each item presented 4 Likert-type response options (from 1 = never or rarely to 4 = almost all the time), with higher scores indicating greater concern about COVID-19 infection. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2) [30]. The GAD-2 consists of 2 items that measure an emotional (feeling nervous) and cognitive (worry) symptom of generalized anxiety in the past 2 weeks. The 2 items have 4 response options using a Likert-type scale (from 0 = not at all to 3 = almost every day), where a higher score indicates a higher level of generalized anxiety. 2.3. Data analysis Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares with Mean and Variance corrected (WLSMV) estimator since the items are ordinal in nature. The chi-square test (χ2), the RMSEA index and the SRMR index were used to evaluate the model fit. In the case of the latter two indices, values less than 0.05 indicate good fit, and between 0.05 and 0.08 is considered acceptable. In addition, the CFI and TLI indices were used, where values greater than 0.95 indicate good fit and greater than 0.90 an acceptable fit. To assess validity based on the relationship with other constructs, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the latent relationship between concern for being infected with COVID-19 and anxiety. The above fit indices, and their respective cutoff points, were used to assess the adequacy of the model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the omega coefficient were used to assess the internal consistency of the scale, where a value greater than 0.70 is adequate. As for the use of Item Response Theory (IRT), a Graded Response Model (GRM) [35] was employed, specifically an extension of the 2-parameter logistic model (2-PLM) for ordered polytomous items. For each item, two types of parameters were estimated: discrimination (a) and difficulty (b). The a parameter determines the slope at which item responses change as a function of the level in the latent trait and the b parameters determine how much of the latent trait the item requires to be answered in a given way. Since the scale has four response categories, there are three estimates of difficulty, one per threshold. The estimates for these three thresholds indicate the level of the latent variable at which an individual has a 50% chance of scoring at or above a particular response category. Item information curves (IIC) and the test information curve (TIC) were also calculated. All statistical analyses were performed using the "lavaan" package for the CFA and the "ltm" package for the GRM. In all cases, the RStudio environment was used for R.
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    Assessment of Dysfunctional Grief due to Death from COVID-19 in Peru: Adaptation and Validation of a Spanish Version of the Pandemic Grief Scale
    (2021-07-14)
    Caycho‐Rodríguez, Tomás
    ;
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    ;
    Vivanco-Vidal, Andrea
    ;
    Saroli-Araníbar, Daniela
    ;
    Carbajal‐León, Carlos
    This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods, in a sample of 458 people who have suffered the loss of a loved one due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Pandemic Grief Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and a single item on suicidal ideation were used. The unidimensional model had good fit and reliability; furthermore, convergent validity was demonstrated based on the relationships between dysfunctional grief, anxiety symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, a higher presence of dysfunctional grief is required to answer using the higher response categories. The evidence of validity and reliability of the PGS in its Spanish version, using traditional and modern methods, is confirmed in Peru.
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    Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg-P (EAR-P) en universitarios: Nuevas evidencias psicométricas de su estructura interna
    (2024-01-04)
    Travezaño Cabrera, Aaron Italo  
    ;
    Santos García, Stephany Vanesa  
    ;
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    Self-esteem is a psychological term that since its emergence in 1890 with William James has been widely studied, the most used concept being that of Rosenberg (1965) who defines it as that positive or negative attitude towards oneself. In addition, this construct has been studied in different areas of psychology, including the clinical field, where its relationship with mental health has been demonstrated. One of the most widely used instruments for measuring this construct is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (EAR), made up of 10 items that measure the positive or negative assessment of oneself. The EAR has been adapted in different countries worldwide where psychometric studies were carried out in adolescents, university students, adults and older adults. Despite its wide use, the EAR has shown variations in terms of factorial structure. In this way, different positions are held on whether the scale is two-dimensional or one-dimensional. Part of this problem is due to the negative wording of the items that favors the appearance of a new dimension. In addition, other studies found the presence of a method effect associated with the negative items that has been examined by applying statistical procedures. To this end, the Rosenberg-P Scale (EAR-P) was proposed as a new version of only positive items that made it possible to overcome the method effect associated with the negative wording of the items and provided a one-dimensional measurement of the self-esteem construct as proposed by Rosenberg. However, the EAR-P presented limitations given that no evidence was shown to identify the relationship between self-esteem and other similar constructs, and it is also added that the sample could have been larger in order to obtain better results of psychometric properties. The objective of the study was to evaluate the validity based on the internal structure from a Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) approach, obtain evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables and estimate reliability. of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale-P (EAR-P). For this, 797 Peruvian university students were evaluated, of which 235 were men (29.49%) and 562 women (70.51%) with an age range of 18 to 35 years (M = 22.55, SD = 3.32). The results show that the unidimensional structure of the EAR-P presents adequate adjustment indices (CFI=.98, TLI=.97, SRMR=.05), the parameters of difficulty and discrimination showed favorable values ​​and an acceptable value was found in internal consistency (ɷ = .96; α =.97). In addition, the EAR-P was found to be negatively related to anxiety depression (-.45), anxiety (-.33), and stress (-.30). It is also positively related to life satisfaction (.69). The findings of the one-dimensional model were adequate. However, it was found that one of the indices did not provide a good fit (RMSEA=.164). One of the possible explanations is related to the small degrees of freedom identified in the model (df=35), because small values in the degrees of freedom cause inappropriate adjustments in the RMSEA. In addition, it has been found that its operation is altered when there are few response categories, specifically when there are 4, as is the case of the EAR. Faced with the limitations of the RMSEA, support has been given to other adjustment indices such as the SRMR and CFI, which are robust to being influenced in their values ​​when the model shows small degrees of freedom. Likewise, the SRMR is considered as an index that allows to adequately evaluate the fit of the model regardless of the estimation method used. Therefore, it is concluded that the EAR-P presents adequate psychometric properties of validity and reliability, this allows to have a useful and pertinent instrument for the measurement of self-esteem in the Peruvian university students.
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    Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric Evidence from the Long and Short Version of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire in Spanish
    (2021-03-18)
    Caycho‐Rodríguez, Tomás
    ;
    Vilca Quiro, Lindsey Wildman  
    ;
    Plante, Thomas G.
    ;
    Vivanco-Vidal, Andrea
    ;
    Saroli-Araníbar, Daniela
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric evidence of the original and brief version of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSRFQ) in Spanish in a sample of 245 Peruvian adolescents and adults (mean age = 21.04 years, SD = 3.07, 47.8% male and 52.2% female), selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Additionally, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were applied. Confirmatory Factor Analysis, internal consistency reliability methods, hierarchical sequence of variance models and Graded Response Model were used. Results indicate that both versions of the SCSRFQ showed robust psychometric properties: adequate unidimensional structure, adequate difficulty and discrimination parameters, and significant relationships with the measures of fear of COVID-19 and satisfaction with life. The original version of the SCSRFQ showed evidence of strict measurement invariance by gender and age; whereas the short version showed strict invariance by gender and configural invariance by age. Both versions showed acceptable reliability indices. In conclusion, the original and brief versions of the SCSRFQ show evidence of psychometric indicators that support their use to assess the strength of religious faith
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