Yareta Yareta, José Luis

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Yareta Yareta, José Luis
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    Caracterización microbiológica y molecular de la resistencia antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli uropatógenas de hospitales públicos peruanos
    (2021-03-16)
    Marcos Carbajal, Pool  
    ;
    Salvatierra, Guillermo
    ;
    Yareta Yareta, José Luis  
    ;
    Pino, Jimena
    ;
    Vásquez, Nancy
    We characterized the antimicrobial resistance of 70 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) from 8 public hospitals in Peru. Resistance profiles were identified using the automated MicroScan® system. A standard polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of the bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV and bla PER genes. The 65.7% (46/70) of the isolates presented a multidrug-resistant phenotype and 55.7% (39/70) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers. High levels of resistance were detected for ampicillin (77,1%), ciprofloxacin (74,3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62,9%), cefepime (57,1%), and cefuroxime (57,1%). The bla TEM gene was the most frequent (31,4%), followed by bla CTX-M (18,6%) and bla SHV (2,9%) genes. These results show high resistance levels to antimicrobials of clinical use in E. coli isolates from hospital UTI patients in Peru.
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    8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment & Prevention 19-22 July 2015, Vancouver, Canada
    (2015-07-01)
    Pate, KM  
    ;
    Pohlmeyer, C
    ;
    Walker-Sperling, V
    ;
    Foote, J
    ;
    Najarro, K
    Author(s): Pate, Kelly Metcalf; Pohlmeyer, Chris; Walker‐Sperling, Victoria; Foote, Jeremy; Najarro, Kevin; Cryer, Catherine; Salgado, Maria; Gama, Lucio; Engle, Elizabeth; Shirk, Erin; Queen, Suzanne; Chioma, Stanley; Vermillion, Meghan; Bullock, Brandon; Li, Ming; Lyons, Claire; Adams, Robert; Zink, Chris; Clements, Janice; Mankowski, Joseph; Blankson, Joel; Micci, Luca; Ryan, Emily; Fromentin, Rémi; Benne, Clarisse; Chomont, Nicolas; Lifson, Jeffrey; Paiardini, Mirko; Lee, Sulggi; Chomont, Nicolas; Fromentin, Remi; Silicano, Robert; Silicano, Janet; Richman, Douglas; O'Doherty, Una; Palmer, Sarah; Burbelo, Peter; Deeks, Steven; Ghneim, Khader; Ahlers, Jeff; Fourati, Slim; Shive, Carey; Cameron, Mark; Mukerjee, Pranab; Ghannoum, Mahmoud; Rodriguez, Benigno; Deeks, Steven; Lederman, Michael; Sekaly, Rafick; Frange, Pierre; Faye, Albert; Avettand‐Fenoel, Veronique; Bellaton, Erainna; Deschamps, Diane; Angin, Mathieu; Caillat‐Zucman, Sophie; Peytavin, Gilles; Le Chenadec, Jerome; Warszawski, Josiane; Rouzioux, Christine; Saez‐Cirion, Asier; Cohort, ANRS Epf‐Co10 Pediatric; Chang, Christina; Cameron, Paul; Elliott, Julian; Perelson, Alan; Roche, Michael; Dantanarayana, Ashanti; Solomon, Ajantha; Naranbhai, Vivek; Tenakoon, Surekha; Hoh, Rebecca; McMahon, James; Sikaris, Ken; Hartogensis, Wendy; Bacchetti, Peter; Hecht, Frederick; Lifson, Jeffrey; Deeks, Steve; Lewin, Sharon; Byrareddy, Siddappa; Arthos, James; Cicala, Claudia; Reimann, Keith; Parslow, Tristram
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    Expresión diferencial de micro-ARN circulantes en pacientes con tuberculosis activa y latente
    (2020-03-24)
    José Yareta-Yareta  
    ;
    Marco Galarza
    ;
    Silvia Capristano
    ;
    Oscar Pellón-Cárdenas
    ;
    César Sánchez
    OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differential expression of miR-21, miR-29a, miR-99b and miR-155 in serum samples from patients with latent tuberculosis (TB) and active TB compared to healthy controls. MATE RIALS AND METHODS: We used 28 serum samples (9 with active TB, 10 with latent TB and 9 healthy con trols) for the analysis of gene expression by RT-qPCR with Primers and TaqMan probes. The differential expression was calculated by the Livak method using a normalizing gene (RNU-48). RESULTS: Overex pression of miR-155 was found in people with latent tuberculosis, compared to healthy controls (0.63 vs. 0.01; p value = 0.032). CONCLUSION: The miR-155 could be considered a biomarker to differentiate latent TB from active disease. Studies with larger sample sizes are required to corroborate the findings.
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    Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru
    (2025-11-27)
    Marcos Carbajal, Pool  
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    Medina Ramirez, Sebastian Andre  
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    Yareta Yareta, José Luis  
    ;
    Otiniano Trujillo, Miguel Angel  
    ;
    Chambi Quispe, Mario Salomón
    Abstract Introduction The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, and its composition can be influenced by factors such as diet, genetics, age, and health status. Among these, diet is one of the most significant determinants of microbial balance. A well-balanced diet promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, reducing intestinal inflammation and the risk of chronic diseases. Vegetarian diets have been proposed to confer beneficial effects on gut health; however, many questions remain regarding microbial profiles, their variability, and the potential influence of geographic and cultural factors—particularly within Latin American contexts. This study aims to address this gap by presenting the first characterization of the gut microbiota in vegetarian adults from the Adventist population living in three distinct regions of Peru. Methods Stool samples were used as a proxy to analyze gut microbiota composition through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Standard descriptive analyses were performed to assess bacterial composition, including diversity and relative abundance across samples. Results The gut microbial communities of Peruvian vegetarians revealed three distinct enterotypes, with distribution varying by region. Enterotype 1 (ET1), predominant in coastal and highland regions, exhibited the highest bacterial richness and diversity. Enterotype 2 (ET2), observed in highland and jungle areas, was characterized by higher levels of Prevotella . Enterotype 3 (ET3), more frequent in the jungle region, showed a greater abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium . Conclusions Despite all participants adhering to a vegetarian diet, notable diversity in gut microbiota profiles was observed within this population. While three distinct enterotypes were identified, consistent with findings in other populations, the specific profiles differed from those previously reported. This study highlights the importance of incorporating variables that enable greater resolution in future research, allowing better control of within-population variability, such as that observed in Peruvian vegetarians, and ultimately enhancing the accuracy of microbiome-related conclusions.
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    Caracterización molecular de enterobacterias multirresistentes en dos departamentos de la selva peruana
    (2021-09-06)
    León-Luna, Diana
    ;
    Fajardo-Loyola, Alexander
    ;
    Yareta Yareta, José Luis  
    ;
    Burgos-Espejo, Antonio
    ;
    Peralta-Siesquen, Carlos
    Introduction. The emergence of multiresistant enterobacteria producing extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in outpatients with urinary tract infections represents a public health problem in Perú. Objectives. To characterize multiresistant enterobacteria isolated from patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection in two Peruvian jungle departments using molecular techniques. Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study of 61 urine culture isolates from two departments in the Peruvian jungle during 2017-2018. Resistance profiles were identified using the MicroScan™ automated system and a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Results. The most common positive ESBL enterobacteria for each department were Escherichia coli in Madre de Dios (10/40; 25%) and Ucayali (16/21; 76.2%). Gene blaCTX-M was the most prevalent in both departments (25/61; 41%), followed by blaTEM (15/61; 24.6%), and blaSHV (10/61; 16.4%). As for the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, we detected resistance levels of 72.6% for ampicillin, 82.3% for cephalothin, and 88.7% for nitrofurantoin. Conclusions. BLEE-producing multi-resistant enterobacteria strains in both departments were 57.4% and blaCTX-M was the most common gene.
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    Genes resistentes a carbapenémicos y colistina aislados en Musca domestica proveniente de un basural cercano a un hospital de Lima
    (2024-06-21)
    Alarcón-Calle, Miguel A.
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    Osorio-Guevara, Víctor L.
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    Salas-Asencios, Ramsés
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    Yareta Yareta, José Luis  
    ;
    Marcos Carbajal, Pool  
    Motivation for the study. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from common flies is a potential public health hazard because it facilitates the presence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Main findings. Thirty-eight bacterial strains identified in 14 species were isolated from within the fly bodies, of which 31 strains showed resistance to carbapenems and 26 strains showed resistance to colistin. Seven bacterial strains showed carbapenem resistance genes and one Escherichia coli strain had resistance to KPC, OXA-48 and mcr-1. Implications. This is the first report of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria carried by common flies in Peru. The objective was to determine the presence of carbapenem resistance genes and plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1) in bacteria isolated from Musca domestica in a garbage dump near a hospital in Lima, Peru. Bacteria with phenotypic resistance to carbapenemics were isolated on CHROMagar mSuperCARBATM medium and colistin resistance profiling was performed using the colistin disk elution method. Detection of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaVIM and mcr-1 genes was performed by conventional PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined using the automated MicroScan system. We found that 31/38 strains had phenotypic resistance to carbapenemics and 26/38 strains had phenotypic resistance to colistin with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 4 µg/ml. Finally, we identified seven bacterial strains with carbapenem resistance genes (OXA-48 and KPC) and one bacterial strain with plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1). One Escherichia coli strain had three resistance genes: KPC, OXA-48 and mcr-1.
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    Elevada presencia de enterobacterias con genes de resistencia antimicrobiana en pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 en hospitales públicos del Perú
    (2025-03-31)
    Marcos Carbajal, Pool  
    ;
    Yareta Yareta, José Luis  
    ;
    Liñan-Martínez, Carla
    ;
    Fajardo-Loyola, Alex
    ;
    Remon-Chinchay, Rafael
    Objetivo: caracterizar fenotípica y genotípicamente, así como determinar la prevalencia, de genes de resistencia a betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), AMPc y carbapenemasas en aislamientos de bacterias gramnegativas obtenidos de pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en cinco centros de salud en Perú. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, analizando 78 aislamientos bacterianos de pacientes con COVID-19 recolectados durante el 2020. La identificación bacteriana y la interpretación de los perfiles de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se realizaron mediante el sistema MicroScan®. La detección de los genes de resistencia blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaAmpC, blaKPC, blaIMP y blaNDM se efectuó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Resultados: de los aislamientos bacterianos analizados, 49 (62,83%) correspondieron a enterobacterias y 29 (37,17%) a bacterias gramnegativas no fermentadoras (GNNF). Escherichia coli fue la especie predominante, con 33 aislamientos (42,30%). En relación con las cepas productoras de fenotipos BLEE y carbapenemasas confirmadas por PCR, son 49 y 29, respectivamente. Se observó resistencia a antibióticos como cefotaxima, ciprofloxacino y aztreonam, mientras que la mayoría de las bacterias mostraron sensibilidad a ertapenem, colistina y tigeciclina. La PCR reveló que el gen blaCTX-M fue el más prevalente, detectado en el 25,64% de los aislamientos (20/78), y distribuido en los cinco hospitales estudiados. Conclusiones: los resultados indican una alta presencia de genes de resistencia bacteriana en las muestras estudiadas, destacando blaCTX-M y blaTEM en enterobacterias, y blaIMP en bacterias no fermentadoras. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia de RAM en el contexto de la infección en pacientes con COVID-19.
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    Enterobacterias multidrogoresistentes productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido, Ampc y Carbapenemasas aislados de efluentes hospitalarios del Perú
    (2025-05-18)
    Elías Solís, Gladys Estheysi
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    Wong Cabanillas, Oscar
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    Hinostroza Cordova, Rosario
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    Mamani Poma, Marysabel Cristina
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    Maquera Canales, Andrea
    La resistencia antimicrobiana es una de las mayores amenazas para la salud pública, y los efluentes de aguas residuales hospitalarias son una fuente importante de transmisión de patógenos resistentes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia de bacterias resistentes a múltiples medicamentos, productoras de betalactamasa de espectro extendido, AmpC y carbapenemasas en efluentes hospitalarios de tres regiones del Perú. Se recolectaron y caracterizaron las bacterias aisladas de nueve hospitales, utilizando medios cromogénicos y un sistema automatizado de microbiología. También se usó PCR convencional para identificar genes de resistencia a betalactamasas, como blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaAmpC y carbapenemasas tipo KPC, NDM e IMP. Se identificaron 55 aislados de diversos centros de salud, encontrándose genes de betalactamasa de espectro extendido tipo blaTEM. En hospitales de nivel II2, se halló el gen de resistencia KPC, especialmente en el Hospital Regional de Cajamarca (7%) y el Hospital de Emergencia Ate Vitarte (13%). Además, Salmonella entérica y Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mostraron resistencia a todas las familias de antibióticos. Estos hallazgos destacan cambios en el comportamiento epidemiológico de la resistencia genética bacteriana, lo que resalta la necesidad de mejorar los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales hospitalarias y fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica.
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    Efluentes hospitalarios como reservorio de enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas y carbapenemasas
    (2021-04-14)
    Soriano Moreno, David  
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    Yareta Yareta, José Luis  
    ;
    Rojas-Cosi, Ana F.
    ;
    Fajardo-Loyola, Alexander
    ;
    León-Luna, Diana
    The aim of this study was to determine the presence of beta-lactamase- (bla) producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital effluent samples from two level II and III hospitals in Lima, Peru. The resistance profile of the isolated bacteria was identified and characterized using the MicroScan system for 18 antimicrobials, and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) (blaCTX-M ,bla SHV bla TEM ,bla PER) and carbapenemases (bla KPC ,bla NDM ,bla VIM ,bla IMP) resistance genes was determined by conventional PCR. Thirty-two isolates were identified (20 Enterobacteriaceae and 12 gram-negative bacteria). All the isolated bacteria showed multidrug resistance. ESBL (bla TEM) and carbapenemase (blaKPC, blaIMP) genes were found in samples from the hospitals that we evaluated. The release of these microorganisms to public areas and the lack of treatment of the hospital effluents could be an important public health problem.
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    Potential pleiotropic effect of Atorvastatin: bacterial growth inhibitor, in vitro study
    (2024-06-15)
    Yareta Yareta, José Luis  
    The study's objective is to determine the inhibitory effect of Atorvastatin calcium on bacte-rial growth in vitro, which would demonstrate a pleiotropic effect of this compound. It was performed using the paper diffusion technique, in which 3 ATCC strains were tested: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with 6 replicates for each one. The test system consisted of Atorvastatin calcium concentrations of 250 μg and 500 μg; positive control Aztreonam 30 μg, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 25 μg and Cefoxitin 30 μg and negative control ethanol were also used. Data were processed in Stata v17. The results showed inhibition halos of 6 mm at 250 μg and 500 μg concentrations of Atorvastatin for all experimental samples. In vitro Atorvastatin, at concentrations of 250 μg and 500 μg, showed no inhibitory effect against the bacterial strains studied.
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