Yareta Yareta, José Luis

Preferred name

Main Affiliation

joseyareta@upeu.edu.pe

ORCID

0000-0002-8909-1724

Scopus Author ID

57217070802

Mostrando 1 - 10 de 14

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Expresión diferencial de micro-ARN circulantes en pacientes con tuberculosis activa y latente
(2020-03-24)
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Marco Galarza
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Silvia Capristano
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Oscar Pellón-Cárdenas
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César Sánchez
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differential expression of miR-21, miR-29a, miR-99b and miR-155 in serum samples from patients with latent tuberculosis (TB) and active TB compared to healthy controls. MATE RIALS AND METHODS: We used 28 serum samples (9 with active TB, 10 with latent TB and 9 healthy con trols) for the analysis of gene expression by RT-qPCR with Primers and TaqMan probes. The differential expression was calculated by the Livak method using a normalizing gene (RNU-48). RESULTS: Overex pression of miR-155 was found in people with latent tuberculosis, compared to healthy controls (0.63 vs. 0.01; p value = 0.032). CONCLUSION: The miR-155 could be considered a biomarker to differentiate latent TB from active disease. Studies with larger sample sizes are required to corroborate the findings.
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in hospital wastewater in Peru, 2022
(2024-06-21)
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Miguel Otiniano-Trujillo
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Marco Galarza
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Abraham Espinoza-Culupú
OBJECTIVE.: To identify the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater from hospitals in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Water samples were collected from the effluents of nine hospitals in Peru during March and September 2022. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by using Illumina sequencing. Variant, lineage and clade assignments were carried out using the Illumina and Nextclado tools. We verified whether the SARS-CoV-2 variants obtained from wastewater were similar to those reported by the National Institute of Health of Peru from patients during the same period and region. RESULTS.: Eighteen of the 20 hospital wastewater samples (90%) provided sequences of sufficient quality to be classified as the Omicron variant according to the WHO classification. Among them, six (30%) were assigned by Nextclade to clades 21K lineage BA.1.1 (n=1), 21L lineage BA.2 (n=2), and 22B lineages BA.5.1 (n=2) and BA .5.5 (n=1). CONCLUSIONS.: SARS-CoV-2 variants were found in hospital wastewater samples and were similar to those reported by the surveillance system in patients during the same weeks and geographic areas. Wastewater monitoring could provide information on the environmental and temporal variation of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Motivation for the study. To contribute to the surveillance of environmental samples from hospital effluents in order to achieve early warning of possible infectious disease outbreaks. Main findings. The Omicron variant of the COVID-19 virus was detected in wastewater from hospitals in Puno, Cuzco and Cajamarca; these results are similar to the reports by the Peruvian National Institute of Health based on nasopharyngeal swab samples. Implications. The presence of the Omicron variant in hospital wastewater during the third wave of the pandemic should raise awareness of the treatment system before wastewater is discharged into the public sewer system.
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Potential pleiotropic effect of Atorvastatin: bacterial growth inhibitor, in vitro study
(2024-06-15)
The study's objective is to determine the inhibitory effect of Atorvastatin calcium on bacte-rial growth in vitro, which would demonstrate a pleiotropic effect of this compound. It was performed using the paper diffusion technique, in which 3 ATCC strains were tested: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with 6 replicates for each one. The test system consisted of Atorvastatin calcium concentrations of 250 μg and 500 μg; positive control Aztreonam 30 μg, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 25 μg and Cefoxitin 30 μg and negative control ethanol were also used. Data were processed in Stata v17. The results showed inhibition halos of 6 mm at 250 μg and 500 μg concentrations of Atorvastatin for all experimental samples. In vitro Atorvastatin, at concentrations of 250 μg and 500 μg, showed no inhibitory effect against the bacterial strains studied.
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Elevada presencia de enterobacterias con genes de resistencia antimicrobiana en pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 en hospitales públicos del Perú
(2025-03-31)
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Carla Liñan-Martínez
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Alexander Fajardo-Loyola
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Rafael Remon-Chinchay
Objetivo: caracterizar fenotípica y genotípicamente, así como determinar la prevalencia, de genes de resistencia a betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), AMPc y carbapenemasas en aislamientos de bacterias gramnegativas obtenidos de pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en cinco centros de salud en Perú. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, analizando 78 aislamientos bacterianos de pacientes con COVID-19 recolectados durante el 2020. La identificación bacteriana y la interpretación de los perfiles de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se realizaron mediante el sistema MicroScan®. La detección de los genes de resistencia blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaAmpC, blaKPC, blaIMP y blaNDM se efectuó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Resultados: de los aislamientos bacterianos analizados, 49 (62,83%) correspondieron a enterobacterias y 29 (37,17%) a bacterias gramnegativas no fermentadoras (GNNF). Escherichia coli fue la especie predominante, con 33 aislamientos (42,30%). En relación con las cepas productoras de fenotipos BLEE y carbapenemasas confirmadas por PCR, son 49 y 29, respectivamente. Se observó resistencia a antibióticos como cefotaxima, ciprofloxacino y aztreonam, mientras que la mayoría de las bacterias mostraron sensibilidad a ertapenem, colistina y tigeciclina. La PCR reveló que el gen blaCTX-M fue el más prevalente, detectado en el 25,64% de los aislamientos (20/78), y distribuido en los cinco hospitales estudiados. Conclusiones: los resultados indican una alta presencia de genes de resistencia bacteriana en las muestras estudiadas, destacando blaCTX-M y blaTEM en enterobacterias, y blaIMP en bacterias no fermentadoras. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia de RAM en el contexto de la infección en pacientes con COVID-19.
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Elevada presencia de enterobacterias con genes de resistencia antimicrobiana en pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 en hospitales públicos del Perú
(2025-03-31)
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Carla Liñan-Martínez
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Alexander Fajardo-Loyola
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Rafael Remon-Chinchay
Objective: To characterize phenotypic and genotypic profiles, and to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs), AmpC, and carbapenemase resistance genesin gram-negative isolates obtained from COVID-19 patients in five health centers in Peru. Materials and methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted, analyzing 78 bacterial isolates from COVID-19 patients collected during 2020. Bacterial identification and interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were performed using the MicroScan® system. Detection of resistance genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaAmpC, blaKPC, blaIMP, and blaNDM was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Amongst bacterial isolates analyzed, 49 (62.83%) were Enterobacteriaceae, and 29 (37.17%) were non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB). Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species, with 33 isolates (42.30%). Resistance to antibacterials was observed, including cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and aztreonam, while most bacteria remained susceptible to ertapenem, colistin, and tigecycline. PCR analysis revealed that the blaCTX-M gene was the most prevalent, detected in 25.64% of isolates (20/78) and distributed across the five hospitals studied. Conclusions: The findings indicate a high prevalence of bacterial resistance genes in the samples studied, with blaCTX-M and blaTEM being most prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae and blaIMP in non-fermenting bacteria. These findings underscore the need to strengthen AMR surveillance in the context of coinfection in COVID-19 patients.
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Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru
(2025-11-27)
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Sandra Carvajal Ramirez
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Miguel Otiniano-Trujillo
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Mario Chambi Quispe
Abstract Introduction The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, and its composition can be influenced by factors such as diet, genetics, age, and health status. Among these, diet is one of the most significant determinants of microbial balance. A well-balanced diet promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, reducing intestinal inflammation and the risk of chronic diseases. Vegetarian diets have been proposed to confer beneficial effects on gut health; however, many questions remain regarding microbial profiles, their variability, and the potential influence of geographic and cultural factors—particularly within Latin American contexts. This study aims to address this gap by presenting the first characterization of the gut microbiota in vegetarian adults from the Adventist population living in three distinct regions of Peru. Methods Stool samples were used as a proxy to analyze gut microbiota composition through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Standard descriptive analyses were performed to assess bacterial composition, including diversity and relative abundance across samples. Results The gut microbial communities of Peruvian vegetarians revealed three distinct enterotypes, with distribution varying by region. Enterotype 1 (ET1), predominant in coastal and highland regions, exhibited the highest bacterial richness and diversity. Enterotype 2 (ET2), observed in highland and jungle areas, was characterized by higher levels of Prevotella . Enterotype 3 (ET3), more frequent in the jungle region, showed a greater abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium . Conclusions Despite all participants adhering to a vegetarian diet, notable diversity in gut microbiota profiles was observed within this population. While three distinct enterotypes were identified, consistent with findings in other populations, the specific profiles differed from those previously reported. This study highlights the importance of incorporating variables that enable greater resolution in future research, allowing better control of within-population variability, such as that observed in Peruvian vegetarians, and ultimately enhancing the accuracy of microbiome-related conclusions.
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Genes resistentes a carbapenémicos y colistina aislados en <i>Musca domestica</i> proveniente de un basural cercano a un hospital de Lima
(2024-06-21)
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Víctor L. Osorio-Guevara
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Ramsés Salas Asencios
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Motivation for the study. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from common flies is a potential public health hazard because it facilitates the presence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Main findings. Thirty-eight bacterial strains identified in 14 species were isolated from within the fly bodies, of which 31 strains showed resistance to carbapenems and 26 strains showed resistance to colistin. Seven bacterial strains showed carbapenem resistance genes and one Escherichia coli strain had resistance to KPC, OXA-48 and mcr-1. Implications. This is the first report of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria carried by common flies in Peru. The objective was to determine the presence of carbapenem resistance genes and plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1) in bacteria isolated from Musca domestica in a garbage dump near a hospital in Lima, Peru. Bacteria with phenotypic resistance to carbapenemics were isolated on CHROMagar mSuperCARBATM medium and colistin resistance profiling was performed using the colistin disk elution method. Detection of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaVIM and mcr-1 genes was performed by conventional PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined using the automated MicroScan system. We found that 31/38 strains had phenotypic resistance to carbapenemics and 26/38 strains had phenotypic resistance to colistin with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 4 µg/ml. Finally, we identified seven bacterial strains with carbapenem resistance genes (OXA-48 and KPC) and one bacterial strain with plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1). One Escherichia coli strain had three resistance genes: KPC, OXA-48 and mcr-1.
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Enterobacterias multidrogoresistentes productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido, Ampc y Carbapenemasas aislados de efluentes hospitalarios del Perú
(2025-05-18)
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Oscar Wong Cabanillas
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Rosario Hinostroza Cordova
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Marysabel Cristina Mamani Poma
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Andrea Maquera Canales
La resistencia antimicrobiana es una de las mayores amenazas para la salud pública, y los efluentes de aguas residuales hospitalarias son una fuente importante de transmisión de patógenos resistentes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia de bacterias resistentes a múltiples medicamentos, productoras de betalactamasa de espectro extendido, AmpC y carbapenemasas en efluentes hospitalarios de tres regiones del Perú. Se recolectaron y caracterizaron las bacterias aisladas de nueve hospitales, utilizando medios cromogénicos y un sistema automatizado de microbiología. También se usó PCR convencional para identificar genes de resistencia a betalactamasas, como blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaAmpC y carbapenemasas tipo KPC, NDM e IMP. Se identificaron 55 aislados de diversos centros de salud, encontrándose genes de betalactamasa de espectro extendido tipo blaTEM. En hospitales de nivel II2, se halló el gen de resistencia KPC, especialmente en el Hospital Regional de Cajamarca (7%) y el Hospital de Emergencia Ate Vitarte (13%). Además, Salmonella entérica y Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mostraron resistencia a todas las familias de antibióticos. Estos hallazgos destacan cambios en el comportamiento epidemiológico de la resistencia genética bacteriana, lo que resalta la necesidad de mejorar los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales hospitalarias y fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica.
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Efluentes hospitalarios como reservorio de enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas y carbapenemasas
(2021-04-14)
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Ana F. Rojas-Cosi
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Alexander Fajardo-Loyola
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Diana León-Luna
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of beta-lactamase- (bla) producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital effluent samples from two level II and III hospitals in Lima, Peru. The resistance profile of the isolated bacteria was identified and characterized using the MicroScan system for 18 antimicrobials, and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) (blaCTX-M ,bla SHV bla TEM ,bla PER) and carbapenemases (bla KPC ,bla NDM ,bla VIM ,bla IMP) resistance genes was determined by conventional PCR. Thirty-two isolates were identified (20 Enterobacteriaceae and 12 gram-negative bacteria). All the isolated bacteria showed multidrug resistance. ESBL (bla TEM) and carbapenemase (blaKPC, blaIMP) genes were found in samples from the hospitals that we evaluated. The release of these microorganisms to public areas and the lack of treatment of the hospital effluents could be an important public health problem.
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Características moleculares de aislamientos de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae resistentes a antibióticos obtenidos de muestras de orina de pacientes con infección del trato urinario en Lima y Callao, Perú
(2023-07-21)
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Henry Meza-Fernández
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Javier Soto Pastrana
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Introducción. Las infecciones del tracto urinario son la segunda enfermedad más frecuente causada por bacterias, principalmente por E. coli y K. pneumoniae; además la aparición de bacterias multidrogorresistentes productoras de Betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) representa un serio problema de salud pública. Objetivos. Describir las características moleculares de aislamientos de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de BLEE obtenidos de muestras de orina de pacientes peruanos con infección del tracto urinario (ITU). Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo transversal descriptivo. Se analizaron 118 aislamientos de urocultivos de pacientes con ITU atendidos en 2 hospitales de la provincia de Lima y 1 de la provincia del Callao procesados entre abril y agosto del 2019. Los perfiles de resistencia se identificaron utilizando el sistema automatizado MicroScan™ y para la detección de los genes BLEE se empleó una PCR convencional. Resultados. El 100% de las bacterias aisladas en los tres hospitales fueron multidrogorresistentes (105 E. coli y 13 K. pneumoniae). La coexistencia de genes BLEE (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV) se observó en 32.20% de los aislamientos (28.57% de los E. coli y 61.53% de los K. pneumoniae), hallándose coexistencia de 2 genes y 3 genes en 12.71 % y 21.18 %, respectivamente; además, blaTEM fue el gen BLEE más frecuentemente expresado en los aislamientos (45.76%). Conclusiones. Se halló multidrogoresistencia en todos los aislamientos analizados. Además, se observó coexistencia de genes BLEE en casi un tercio de todos los aislamientos, lo que evidencia que la resistencia a los antibióticos es una problemática real en los hospitales públicos del Perú.

Yareta Yareta, José Luis

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